- Resistance from the Spanish government: Austin's plans to establish a colony in Texas conflicted with the Spanish government's claim to the region. The Spanish authorities were wary of allowing American settlers into Texas and feared that Austin's colony would lead to the United States gaining control of the territory.
- Difficult terrain and climate: Texas was a vast and unforgiving wilderness, with extreme weather conditions and a lack of infrastructure. Austin and his colonists faced numerous challenges in traveling to Texas and establishing their settlements, including treacherous rivers, dense forests, and scorching summers.
- Native American tribes: Austin's colony was located in an area that was home to several Native American tribes, including the Comanches, Apaches, and Karankawas. These tribes were often hostile towards the settlers and engaged in frequent raids and attacks, posing a constant threat to the colony's survival.
- Disease: Texas was also plagued by various diseases, including yellow fever, malaria, and cholera. These diseases spread quickly among the settlers, causing widespread illness and death.
- Financial difficulties: Austin and his colonists faced numerous financial challenges in establishing their colony. They had to secure funding for their expedition, purchase land from the Mexican government, and provide supplies for the settlers.
- Political instability: Texas was a politically volatile region, with frequent changes in government and conflicts between different factions. These political uncertainties created an unpredictable and challenging environment for Austin and his colonists to navigate.