1. Farmers: Agriculture played a crucial role in Sumer. Farmers utilized the fertile soil along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers to grow barley, wheat, and vegetables. They also raised animals like cattle, goats, and sheep.
2. Scribes: Scribes were literate individuals who held vital positions in the administration of the temples and the government. They recorded economic transactions, laws, religious rituals, literary texts, and historical events using cuneiform script.
3. Craftsmen: Sumerians were skilled craftsmen and artisans. They worked with various materials such as clay, metal, and wood to create beautiful pottery, jewelry, weapons, and sculptures.
4. Weavers and Tailors: Sumerians were known for their textile industry. They used wool, cotton, and linen to weave exquisite fabrics. Tailors then fashioned these fabrics into garments for the population.
5. Traders and Merchants: Sumerians engaged in long-distance trade, primarily through their port city of Ur. They traded surplus goods like grain, textiles, and pottery with neighboring regions and civilizations, and imported resources such as timber, metals, and valuable stones.
6. Builders: Sumerians were prolific builders, constructing grand structures like temples, palaces, and ziggurats. Builders utilized various materials, including mud bricks, and demonstrated remarkable architectural skills.
7. Priests and Priestesses: The Sumerian religion played a central role in society. Priests and priestesses presided over religious ceremonies, performed rituals, and made offerings to the gods and goddesses. They held respected positions within the community.
8. Soldiers and Scribes: Due to the occasional conflicts with rival city-states, Sumerians had professional soldiers who received military training and served in the army to defend their territories.
These jobs reflect the diverse and organized society of ancient Sumer. The Sumerians' ingenuity and skill in various occupations contributed to their advanced civilization, leaving a lasting impact on human development and history.