The battle of Dien Bien Phu therefore begins under unfavorable conditions for the French; the officers know it or have a presentiment of it; it seems that Navarre and Cogny have doubts about its outcome. But the die was cast.On the evening of March 12, 1954, Giap gave his last orders before the atta
Spahi :word of Turkish origin. Originally, the “sibahis” were horsemen provided by the tribes subservient to the Ottoman Empire who came to reinforce the numbers of Mamluks (regular troops) when the scale of the operations required it. They pay themselves on the ground by looting the places where th
There were similar attacks on trains on both sides of India and Pakistan. On both sides the gender of man became his identity. Sikhs and Hindus in India killed every train passenger who was male and who had been circumcised. In Pakistan also the invaders would check the gender of every male travelle
A study of the oldest radiocarbon-dated ice sheets on the Col du Dôme glacier, 4,300 meters above sea level in the Mont Blanc massif, provided researchers with a record of atmospheric conditions in Roman times. The analyzed ice comes from the Ice Memory project , promoted by French and Italian glac