Germanic Franks A faction Salian Clovis from Made the Franks together in 481 Frank Kingdom was.
This Clovis Grandfather Merovech Is
- He led the Salian Franks during the migration period
- The Salian Franks, led by their grandfather, fought and defeated the Huns from the east in an alliance in a mercenary position in the Roman Empire.
.. .. .. There is still a story, but I don't know the details because it is a legendary person.
The name of this hero Merovech is derived from the Merovingian dynasty of the Frankish kingdom. It is named.
Such Merovingian dynasty What was your reign? How to lose power the next dynasty Carolingian I will summarize whether it was inherited to.
Clovis's reign (481-511) and the first divide and rule
From Clovis I [King Frank] (wikipedia)
Clovis He is a very strong king, expanding what was originally only the territory of northeastern France to northwestern Germany to nearly four times the size of the territory at the beginning.
In addition, Clovis Is the Princess of Burgundy Clotilde after the suppression of Gaul Married. He was polygamous and he already had multiple wives, but her presence was Frank Kingdom Has changed the fate of.
Clotilde Is the mainstream Christian Athanasius Encourage conversion to Clovis Accepted it.
This Crotida , Clovis In addition to the achievements of his conversion, he was later called a saint because he provided social service to places such as the Poorhouse and what is now called a child independence support facility. He was also alleged to have played a political role.
Relationship with the Kingdom of Burgundy
His wife is Kingdom of Burgundy As a princess, not only the location (adjacent area) but also the relationship was very close. Therefore, Clovis Is also heavily involved in the power struggle within the royal family.
As a result, Clotilde I succeeded in putting both of her uncles under influence.
After this, Visigothic Kingdom Gundobat has regained the throne from Godgisel, Kingdom of Burgundy The worsening of the relationship with him later affected his son's generation.
About the divisional inheritance of the Franks
Merovingian dynasty Germanic people, including the Franks who set up, are basically split inheritance Is the basic. Clovis After that, this split inheritance As a result, Merovingian dynasty There was a reason for this split inheritance.
As mentioned in the Germanic migration, their socio-economic activities are basically livestock and hunting . is. Unlike farming, it was a property that livestock that were not based on land could have, so when parents died and received the property, they were divided equally among their siblings. It was a system that was completed because it was possible to increase the property relatively easily even if it was divided and inherited.
Divided inheritance by sons
Thus Clovis After his death, his four sons each inherited a divided territory. Many of the other Frankish kings are Clovis Was destroyed in his later years, so it seems that he inherited it in a situation where there was little threat to the surroundings.
In addition, Orleans Is Burgund Although it is an area included in Clovis Immediately after his death, it was only a part. Burgund Will be under the control of the Frankish Kingdom in earnest in 534, so the area that Chlodomer has acquired is part of the front line.
Invasion of the Kingdom of Burgundy and division of the Kingdom of Orleans
The three sons are Clovis The Kingdom of Burgundy has been deteriorating since the times The invasion finally started in 523. At this time, my mother Clotilde was probably behind me. It is said that.
Why was my mother Clotilde in conflict with the Kingdom of Burgundy?Clotilde Mother is Athanasius .. Clotilde She also grew up learning that her doctrine. Meanwhile, her uncle Gundobat Is Arian .. There was a conflict due to different denominations.
In addition, in the past Clotilde's father Gundobat There is also a theory that her mother and herself were banished from their homeland after being killed by. Her uncle and her niece had the worst relationship with her, above all, her husband robbing the throne of Gundobat.
The defeated King of Burgundy has been executed, but the remnants of the Burgundians have joined hands with the Ostrogoths to Frank Kingdom . I have attacked.
As a result of the counterattack, the frontline land-based Chlodomer Is killed in action, leaving behind three sons and a wife. Chlothar Is Chlodomer Killed his nephews (his youngest one managed to escape and became a priest) and robbed him of his nephew, Childebert And Chlothar It will be divided by.
The Kingdom of Orleans was thus divided and incorporated into Paris and Soissons. This is the story of 524.
In 532, Childebert And Chlothar Collusion and expedition to Burgund again. It was decided to work on Burgundians completely.
Sister's marriage and brother's death
On the other hand, a similar time. Their sister, Clotilde , married to the Visigothic Kingdom Childebert , King of Paris, learned that she was being abused by her husband because of her sectarian differences. Invades the Visigothic Kingdom for that reason. He took full control of the Visigothic Kingdom of Southern France.
Will the power map change even within the Frankish kingdom when territorial changes in Burgundians and Visigoths begin to occur? The event happened. Eldest brother Lance King Theoderik Died.
Theoderic The remains of Childebert And Chlothar Will begin to be targeted.
However, unlike when he was three young children, his eldest brother's son Teudebert A man who can do it. He struggled to get through this pinch. Childebert without a boy in this series of events Is
Teudebert Has come to be seen as a candidate for his successor. Teudebert found a strong consensus partner And Childebert Jointly Chlothar I came to attack.
What was the final unification?
In this way, while the Frankish kingdom was repeatedly divided and integrated, it was King Soissons' Chlothar I who remained until the end and unified. was.
From Chlothar I (wikipedia)
Childebert The youngest Teudebert who wanted to be a successor Died first, Childebert Also Chlothar Because he died earlier.
However, Chlothar Even after the unification, he fought against the Saxon tribe of the Germanic faction and was advancing to the advantage, and while it seemed to be smooth sailing, he began to suffer from a conflict with his youngest son.
He was in conflict not only once but many times, and he was blamed for hunting down and killing his son's family and died shortly thereafter.
After all, Chlothar After his death, the territory was divided into four other sons, and finally
- Northeast Kingdom: Austrasia
- Northwest Kingdom: Neustria (Central city:Paris)
- Southeastern Kingdom: Burgund
.
Frank Kingdom, third unification
Chlothar II in the midst of these internal conflicts within the Frankish Kingdom. (Grandson of Chlothar I) has unified the kingdom for the first time in a long time. Let's take a look at how he united the kingdom.
First, Chlothar II Mother Fredegund is indispensable when talking about Is the existence of.
Fredegund She was originally a woman who had grown from a servant of a queen to a mistress and a mistress to a queen. She is Queen Austrasia's sister , the wife of her father, as she grows up. Get in the way, Fredegund Was murdering her.
From Chlothar II (wikipedia)
From now on, Austrasia The relationship with is getting worse. For about 40 years after that, the two countries were supposed to continue the conflict.
Chlothar II Is such a Neustria And Austrasia King Neustria in a situation where As he is four months old, he is enthroned. Of course, his mother's Fredegund couldn't control politics. Became regent.
Eventually Chlothar II Austrasia shortly after he became a pro-government A rebellion will occur within.
Neustria Austrasia before having been in conflict for a long time Austrasia because the queen had long manipulated her son, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren from a regent standpoint. It was a rebellion after the dissatisfaction accumulated inside.
At this time Austrasia Inside Pepin I The aristocrats who are in tune with the anti-queen are grouped together and the hostile forces Chlothar II Austrasia Is Neustria Down to Frank Kingdom It was unified.
* Fredegund Has already died Chlothar II Is being held by
Chlothar because the country was unified through such a process. Is Pepin I Austrasia He wasn't up to the aristocrats and listened to the aristocrats' wishes and Austrasia his son before his lifetime. Appointed King of. Pepin of Landen Is Austrasia Mayor of the Palace I am now in the position of (King's assistant).
Pepin of Landen Austrasia Palace after his death Pepin I Son Grimoald was. Grimoald Is his son Childebert Was adopted by a king who had no successor, and Austrasia Will try to be under the control of the Pippinids, both in name and reality.
However, Neustria because he overdoed it and did not keep his promise (← he broke the promise that Austrasia would be under Neustria). Opposition forces including aristocrats continue Grimoald Will be assassinated.
This Austrasia Palace Grimoald succeeded Sister's child Pepin II was.
* Childebert Died the year after Grimoald's death, and his throne returns to the hands of the Merovingian dynasty.
The rise of the Pippin (Carolingian) family and the unification of the Frankish kingdom
Austrasia Pepin II who became the mayor of the palace Eventually, he gained great power and was considered dangerous by King Frank and was about to be eliminated. Even the mayor of the palace is overthrown.
Since then, ostensibly the Merovingian Pepin II while the King of the King has a body that governs the entire Frankish Kingdom Was the de facto ruler.
Pepin II After his death, Pepin II Charles Martel , the only surviving son of his wife I will imprison him and take control of him. After taking control of him, he elected his grandson (Pippin II) as the mayor of the palace, and the Neustrian aristocrats opposed it, and it became messy again.
Taking advantage of the confusion, curl Austrasia when he escapes Command the army Neustria Silence, Mayor of the Palace of the entire Frankish Kingdom I arrived at.
Invasion of the Islamic Empire
Charles Martel The Umayyad Caliphate of the Islamic Empire during the period when was the mayor of the palace Has invaded as I wrote in the development and division of the Frankish kingdom.
I wrote it in quite detail, so I will omit the contents.
Battle between Tours and Poitiers Outbreak
↓
Charles Martel Is Umayyad
↓
Become a hero who saved the crisis of the Frankish Kingdom and Christianity
When these changes appear, the Merovingian , which should have been the royal family, The presence of is getting smaller and smaller.
Birth of Pepin the Short
Charles Martel who became a hero not only from the Frankish kingdom but also from Christendom He also died at the age of 55. He was also thinking of inheritance by splitting into his sons.
Charles Martel even when there was no king in his lifetime It was a very attractive position and relic for his sons, as he came to have the real power to be governed by.
That's why the two sons of Seishitsu Pippin And Carlman Captures his younger brother and robs him of his territory. In addition, Pippin And Carlman Childeric III to the King To the throne and exercised its influence.
However, it was 747. I'm not sure why, but suddenly my brother Carlman Retired to the monastery hoping to retreat. Carlman There was also a firstborn, but Pippin Is the only Mayor of the Palace who does not admit him I will take control as.
Eventually Pippin Is Mayor of the Palace Not only did he want the throne, but the Pope of the time Zakarias To
"Which is the king's title or the one who exercises his power?"
Succeeded in being elected as the king from the Frank aristocrats by flickering that he got the answer "those with real power".
Thus the Merovingian Closed the curtain, Pepin the Short Is the new Carolingian that became King Frank Is about to begin.