Millennium History

History of Europe

  • The origin of toilet paper

    Many of us, including myself, have the habit - healthy or unhealthy, that each one decides - of being accompanied by some type of reading when we retire to the toilet. It is my guess, but this ritual could well have been born in the slums where years ago toilet paper was conspicuous by its absence a

  • The women who defied Rome:Cleopatra, Boudica and Zenobia

    If only for the fact of facing the almighty Rome, she would already deserve the distinction of having a place in history, there would be more reason for it if the one who led her own to fight against the fearsome legions was a woman. The protagonists of this article are three ancient women who, with

  • What would we find in the vanity case of an Ancient Egyptian woman?

    After a refreshing shower, a good deodorant that does not leave you. Although the first deodorant was marketed in Philadelphia in 1888 under the name of Mum and the first antiperspirant in 1903 with Everdry , you will agree with me that this body odor thing is as old as sweat. So, it is not surprisi

  • Did you know that in Rome you did not vomit to continue eating?

    That image that has been engraved in our retina of great bacchanals in Rome in which people ate and drank as if there were no tomorrow, and where in order to continue swallowing the Romans made themselves vomit... its an urban legend . Logically, not in relation to the bacchanals, but in relation to

  • Did you know that the first Brexit took place in the third century?

    In full negotiation for the exit of the United Kingdom from the European Union, commonly known as Brexit (acronym for Britain and Exit , «Great Britain» and «Exit»), and the possible consequences of this new political and, above all, economic panorama, we discover -once again- that nothing new under

  • Did you know that in Ancient Rome they already had diving goggles?

    The great Aristotle (384 BC – 322 BC), the philosopher and scientist of Ancient Greece, already mentioned the use of a kind of inverted metal bell submerged in the water that the divers use to breathe the air that was trapped inside. Legend has it, because it is a legend, that his most outstanding

  • The enigma of the Belovodié kingdom

    From the mountains of the Altai A legend proceeds that speaks of two mysterious concepts:brotherhood of wise beings and that inhabits a hidden kingdom. No, I am not going to talk about Shambala or Agharta or the City of the Caesars, nor about Avalon, Paititi or the Seven Cities of Cíbola. Among the

  • Mesopotamian curses to protect objects, tombs and the fulfillment of contracts (including weddings)

    Once, as a child, I witnessed a curious scene in a market. A municipal police officer had just fined an elderly gypsy woman for street vending without a license. She is her, after collecting the fine, and as the guard walked away, she exclaimed:“Uncle snake! So your mustache dies! That was my first

  • How did you avoid being drafted into the legions in Ancient Rome?

    The military success of Rome was due to the great work in the field of engineering, to the pacts, to the occasional betrayal... and, above all, to the legions. Although over time the legions underwent changes in relation to the number of members that formed them (between 4,000 and 6,000 and even inc

  • Fines for drunk driving in Egypt… 2,800 years ago

    On January 28, 1896 Walter Arnold of East Peckham (in the county of Kent) became the first driver of a car who was penalized for speeding. He was driving about 8 miles per hour (almost 13 km / h) when the maximum speed allowed in the city was 2 miles (just over 3 km / h). The penalty imposed on him

  • Fulvia Bambalia, the woman who pulled the strings of Rome and the first to appear on a coin

    Ancient history is written by men, perhaps for this reason very few women had the relevance of appearing in capital letters in the old chronicles even though they more than deserved it. I believe that the protagonist of this article was more influential for Roman politics in the throes of the Republ

  • What if Arabia had been a Roman province?

    Well, the matter is not so far-fetched, and it was close to being. Roman geographers divided the Arabian peninsula into three large, poorly defined territories beyond the so-called Limes Arabicus :Petroleum Arabia , the ancient kingdom of the Nabataeans that approximately occupied present-day Jordan

  • impossible relics

    In the Catholic Church they are called relics to the bodies of saints, or to parts of their bodies, and to objects that may have belonged to or been in contact with them. The cult of relics can be traced back to the early years of Christianity, as a result of persecution and martyrs for the faith. A

  • Masterchef… to Sumeria

    One of the advantages of living in the middle of a trade route, and in a wonderfully fertile area, is that you enjoy a varied gastronomy. Thanks to this, the Sumerians even allowed themselves to write some of the first recipe books in history. Of course, lets not think that any neighbors son could g

  • Xanthippus, the Spartan mercenary in the service of Carthage

    This archenemy, so little known in our days, was a true villain in the eyes of Rome and whose affront lasted in the collective memory for many centuries. Perhaps his deed would be more popular now if he had not lived with characters of the stature and importance of Hannón and Hamilcar Barca , and

  • The first student in all history who made the ball to his teacher

    Francisco Goya captured his critical vision of his education in his time in a small painting (20 x 38 centimeters) called The letter with blood enters or School Scene . An education that Goya, who felt great devotion to children, judges defective and that he illustrates in a school scene in which

  • The uses that have been given to the mummies of Egypt throughout history

    First of all, we will turn to Herodotus to tell us, in broad strokes, the funerary customs of Egypt. After the death and the logical signs of mourning, the embalming was carried out, which, as is repeated today in our funerals, depended on the money that was willing to spend. In the most sumptuous,

  • Most common dog breeds in Ancient Rome

    I guess youve all seen the warning Beware of the dog! at the entrance of a house, because we are not original in that. A mosaic found in the vestibulum of a house in the city of Pompeii already warned… CAVE CANEM Next to the Cave Canem , the normal thing was to find a Molossus , dogs with a mu

  • Stories of the dead, spirits and angry ghosts… more than 4000 years ago

    Who hasnt told ghost stories by the light of a campfire? Possibly the image of a group of humans exchanging ghost legends is as old as that of a group of hunters dressed in furs, boasting of having killed a mammoth with mere insults and having slept with all the women of the tribe. After all, and we

  • What happened to the IX Hispana, "the Legion of the Eagle"?

    The origin of the IX is today still doubtful. The historical popularizer Stephen Dando-Collins holds in his book The Legions of Rome that this unit was recruited in Hispania by Pompey the Great in 65 BC. along with the VI, VII and VIII, but it is also known that Gaius Julius Caesar commanded an IX d

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