The Italian city-states were governed in a variety of ways, but the most common form of government was the commune. A commune was a city-state that was ruled by a council of citizens. The council was elected by the citizens of the city, and it was responsible for making laws, passing taxes, and decl
The French king, Louis XVI, did not stay neutral before the Battle of Saratoga. In fact, he provided crucial support to the Americans in the form of troops, supplies, and financial aid. This support was instrumental in the American victory at Saratoga, which is considered a turning point in the Revo
Both the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans had their own distinct understandings of government. Here is a brief comparison of their views:Federalists:- Believed in a strong central government with the power to regulate interstate commerce, raise revenue, and maintain a standing army and nav
A handbook of circulars is a collection of circulars, which are documents that provide information on a specific topic. Circulars are often used by businesses, organizations, and government agencies to communicate with their employees, customers, or stakeholders. A handbook of circulars may include
First Estate (Clergy)- Included all people who worked for the Catholic church, from bishops and priests to monks and nuns- Owned about 10% of the land in France- Paid no taxes- Had a lot of political powerSecond Estate (Nobility)- Included all people who had noble titles, such as dukes, counts, and
The exact date of the Compromise of 1877 is unknown. The compromise was an unwritten, informal agreement crafted primarily by southern Democrats and northern Republicans to resolve the disputed presidential election of 1876. Rather than a single day or event, the compromise was the culmination of se
1. Continue living under British rule without fightingColonists who chose this option would have had to accept the British governments authority and policies, including the taxes that the British Parliament had imposed. This would have meant giving up their demands for greater autonomy and self-gove
How were the Articles of Confederation constructed?The Articles of Confederation were the first constitution of the United States of America. They were drafted by a committee of the Continental Congress in 1776, and ratified by all 13 states in 1781.The Articles of Confederation created a very weak
Adolf Hitler killed himself by biting through a cyanide ampoule (glass capsule) and shooting himself on 30 April 1945 and was burnt shortly thereafter in Berlin as ordered in his last will and testament. No remains survived the burning so there was nothing to bury.
It is generally not illegal in the United States to salute the Nazi salute in public, or to express an opinion in support of historical events. However, there are a number of exceptions to this rule, and it is important to be aware of the potential legal consequences of expressing these views in pub
1. The idea of a classless society. This is perhaps the most unrealistic aspect of communism, as it assumes that all people are equal and that there is no need for social hierarchy. In practice, however, this has never been achieved, and attempts to create a classless society have often resulted in
Birmingham was known as the city of a thousand trades because of its vast array of industries and diversity in trades that flourished during the Industrial Revolution. Birmingham was a major hub for manufacturing and innovation in the 18th and 19th centuries. Here are a few reasons why it earned thi
During the 1930s, many countries implemented restrictive immigration policies and imposed quotas that specifically targeted Jewish individuals seeking entry. The reasons behind these policies were multifaceted and varied across different nations. Here are some of the key factors contributing to the
There were several ways in which German soldiers who pointlessly killed prisoners were punished after World War 2.War crimes trials: After the war, the Allies established a number of war crimes tribunals to try German soldiers and other individuals accused of war crimes. These tribunals included the
* Civic Platform: a center-right, liberal-conservative party.* Law and Justice (PiS): a right-wing, national-conservative party.
Keyboard* Throttle: Up arrow key* Dive: Down arrow key* Turn left: Left arrow key* Turn right: Right arrow key* Fire weapons: Spacebar* Drop bomb: Ctrl key* Toggle view: V key* Cycle targets: T key* Auto level: L key* Increase speed: I key* Decrease speed: O key* Pause: Esc keyMouse* Move mouse: Aim
The Holocaust refers to the genocide of European Jews during World War II. It was carried out by Nazi Germany and its collaborators between 1941 and 1945. An estimated 6 million European Jews were systematically murdered during the Holocaust, out of a total of 11 million Jews who resided in Europe b
In the early 19th century, Irish immigrants in the United States typically received wages that were lower than those of native-born Americans. For example, in the 1830s, Irish laborers in New York City earned an average of $1.25 per day, while native-born laborers earned an average of $2 per day. Ho
Whether the post-war conflicts between the United States and the Soviet Union were inevitable is a complex historical debate with various perspectives and interpretations. Here are a few key considerations and arguments regarding this question:Structural Explanations:- Bipolarity: The existence of t
The Soviet leader took the letter seriously for several reasons:1. The letters content: The letter contained detailed revelations about the activities of a prominent Soviet spy, including the names of other Soviet spies and their plans. This information posed a significant threat to Soviet intellige
The naval battle of the Echinades was the last naval victory of the Byzantine Empire. Opponents were the fleet of the Empire under Dimitrios Laskaris Leontarios and the fleet of the Latin dynasty of Lefkada-Zakynthos-Kefalonia and western Greece Carlo I Toco. In the 15th century, the Frankish co
The French philosopher Michel de Montaigne said that «conscience makes us discover ourselves, that we denounce or accuse ourselves, and in the absence of witnesses declares against us «, and I would add that it is usually responsible for the fact that at night we cannot rest in peace. Logically, if
On September 25, 1926, the Slavery Convention was signed. , an international treaty promoted by the League of Nations that declared slavery illegal. Later, on September 7, 1956, the prohibition and persecution was extended to certain behaviors that were considered analogous or assimilable to slavery
In 1176 the Byzantine Empire suffered one of the most devastating defeats in its history at Myriokefalo. The Seljuk Turks continued their devastating raids in Asia Minor, taking advantage of their victory. However, Byzantium was still able to react and in fact particularly dynamically and effectivel