* Spices: Spices such as cinnamon, nutmeg, cloves, and pepper were highly prized in Europe during the Middle Ages and Renaissance periods. They were used to flavor food, preserve meat, and make medicines.
* Textiles: Silk, cotton, and wool were imported from Asia into Europe. Silk was a particularly valuable commodity, as it was used to make luxurious clothing for the wealthy.
* Precious metals: Gold, silver, and copper were also imported from Asia. These metals were used to make jewelry, coins, and other objects.
* Porcelain: Porcelain, a type of ceramic, was first developed in China. It was highly valued in Europe for its beauty and durability.
* Paper: Papermaking was invented in China around the 2nd century BC. Paper was introduced to Europe in the 12th century, and quickly became an essential commodity for writing and printing.
* Technology: The Europeans also acquired a number of important technologies from Asia, such as the compass, gunpowder, and the astrolabe. These technologies helped to revolutionize European navigation, warfare, and astronomy.