- Territorial Changes: Germany lost significant territories, including Alsace-Lorraine to France and Eupen-Malmédy to Belgium.
- Demilitarization: The German military was severely restricted, with a maximum of 100,000 troops allowed. The Air Force was abolished, and the Navy was limited in size.
- Reparations: Germany was obligated to pay substantial reparations to the Allied powers, the amount of which was later reduced.
- War guilt Clause: The treaty placed sole responsibility for the war on Germany, known as the "war guilt clause."
- Loss of Colonies: Germany lost all its overseas colonies as they were divided among the victorious Allied powers.
- Economic Consequences: The combination of reparations and reduced economic opportunities led to hyperinflation and economic instability in Germany.
- Political Divisions: The treaty fueled nationalist sentiments and resentment in Germany, contributing to the rise of the Nazi Party and Adolf Hitler.
- League of Nations: The treaty established the League of Nations, an international organization aimed at promoting peace and preventing future wars.
- Long-term Impact: The Treaty of Versailles is often cited as a contributing factor to the outbreak of World War II as it was perceived as harsh and unfair by many Germans.