History of Europe

Which of these did not happen as a result the Crusades?

The Crusades were a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims that took place between the 11th and 13th centuries.

Here are some of the results of the Crusades:

- The rise of the merchant class in Europe.

- The development of trade routes between Europe and the Middle East.

- The establishment of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem.

- The spread of Christianity to the Middle East.

- The development of new military technologies.

- The decline of the Byzantine Empire.

- The rise of the Ottoman Empire.

So the correct answer is none of the above, all of these happened as a result of the Crusades.