Here are some of the results of the Crusades:
- The rise of the merchant class in Europe.
- The development of trade routes between Europe and the Middle East.
- The establishment of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem.
- The spread of Christianity to the Middle East.
- The development of new military technologies.
- The decline of the Byzantine Empire.
- The rise of the Ottoman Empire.
So the correct answer is none of the above, all of these happened as a result of the Crusades.