* Containment: The United States sought to contain the spread of communism in Europe by providing economic and military aid to countries threatened by Soviet expansionism. This policy was most notably implemented through the Marshall Plan, which provided billions of dollars in aid to Western Europe after World War II. The Marshall Plan helped to rebuild the economies of Western European countries and make them less susceptible to communist influence.
* Military alliances: The United States also formed military alliances with Western European countries, such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), which was established in 1949. NATO provided a collective security arrangement for its member countries, ensuring that an attack on one member would be considered an attack on all.
* Economic pressure: The United States used economic pressure to punish the Soviet Union for its actions in Europe. This included trade embargoes, restrictions on technology transfer, and the freezing of Soviet assets.
* Covert operations: The United States also engaged in covert operations to undermine the Soviet Union and its allies in Eastern Europe. These operations included propaganda campaigns, sabotage, and support for anti-communist resistance movements.
* Diplomacy: The United States also used diplomacy to try to resolve the Cold War peacefully. This included negotiations with the Soviet Union on arms control, human rights, and other issues.
The United States' response to Soviet actions in Europe during the Cold War was successful in preventing the spread of communism and maintaining the security of Western Europe.