- Goliad (1749): Founded by José de Escandón, Goliad was a Spanish military fort and mission that later became a prosperous town.
- San Antonio (1718): Originally established as a Spanish mission, San Antonio grew into a major city and served as the capital of Texas under Mexican and Texan rule.
- Nacogdoches (1716): Founded by Domingo Ramón, Nacogdoches is the oldest European settlement in Texas. It became a significant cultural and economic hub in the region.
- La Bahía del Espíritu Santo (1722): Located near present-day Goliad, La Bahía was a Spanish military fort and mission that played a crucial role in defending the region against French and Native American attacks.
- Fort St. Louis (1685): Established by French explorers led by Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, Fort St. Louis was the first European settlement in Texas, but it was abandoned after several years.