History of South America

How many crusades were there over the next 200 years?

Over the next 200 years, there were several crusades launched by European Christians against Muslims and other non-Christian groups. While the exact number can vary depending on how one defines a crusade, some significant crusades during this period include:

1. The Second Crusade (1147-1149): This crusade was launched in response to the fall of Edessa, a Christian county in the Levant, to the Muslims. It was led by King Louis VII of France and King Conrad III of Germany.

2. The Third Crusade (1189-1192): The Third Crusade was prompted by the capture of Jerusalem by the Muslim leader Saladin in 1187. It was led by King Frederick I Barbarossa of Germany, King Philip II Augustus of France, and King Richard I Lionheart of England.

3. The Fourth Crusade (1202-1204): The original objective of the Fourth Crusade was to retake Jerusalem, but it ended with the conquest and sacking of Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, by the crusaders.

4. The Albigensian Crusade (1209-1229): This was a crusade launched against the Cathars, a Christian sect deemed heretical by the Catholic Church, in the region of southern France known as Occitania.

5. The Fifth Crusade (1217-1221): The Fifth Crusade was led by King Andrew II of Hungary and Duke Leopold VI of Austria. It aimed to conquer Egypt, which was seen as a strategic point for attacking Jerusalem.

6. The Sixth Crusade (1228-1229): The Sixth Crusade was led by Emperor Frederick II Hohenstaufen of the Holy Roman Empire. Through diplomatic negotiations, Frederick II peacefully secured control of Jerusalem and other holy sites for a limited time.

7. The Seventh Crusade (1248-1254): King Louis IX of France led the Seventh Crusade, which aimed to free Jerusalem from Muslim control. The crusade was unsuccessful and ended in the capture of Louis IX by the Mamluks.

8. The Eighth Crusade (1270): This crusade was also led by King Louis IX of France. His target was Tunis, but the crusade was cut short due to an outbreak of disease that claimed Louis IX's life.

These are some of the major crusades that took place over the next 200 years after the First Crusade. The crusading period was marked by religious fervor, political ambitions, and conflicts between various groups and factions in the Middle East.