According to the 1860 census, the average price of a slave in the United States was $800. However, this figure is misleading, as it does not take into account the wide range of prices that slaves could command. For example, a prime field hand in the Deep South could sell for as much as $1,500, while a sickly or elderly slave might sell for as little as $100.
The following table shows the average price of slaves in different regions of the United States in 1860:
| Region | Average Price |
|---|---|
| Deep South | $1,000 |
| Upper South | $800 |
| Border States | $600 |
It is important to note that these prices are only averages. The actual price of a slave could vary significantly from these figures.
In addition to the factors mentioned above, the price of slaves was also affected by the supply of slaves. In the early 19th century, the supply of slaves was relatively low, which drove up prices. However, the supply of slaves increased significantly in the 1830s and 1840s, as a result of the forced removal of Native Americans from their land in the Southeast and the expansion of the cotton industry in the Deep South. This increase in supply led to a decrease in prices.
The price of slaves also fluctuated with the economy. During periods of economic prosperity, the demand for slaves increased, which drove up prices. During periods of economic recession, the demand for slaves decreased, which led to a decrease in prices.
The price of slaves was also affected by political factors. In the years leading up to the Civil War, the price of slaves increased significantly, as Southerners became increasingly concerned about the possibility of emancipation.