2. Royal Governors and Colonial Legislatures: Each colony had a governor appointed by the British crown. The governor had extensive powers, including overseeing the colony's administration and law enforcement. Some colonies also had elected assemblies or legislatures, which could pass local laws and levy taxes, subject to the governor's approval.
3. Proprietary Colonies: Some colonies were granted to individuals or groups of proprietors by the crown. These proprietors had broad powers to govern their colonies, including appointing governors, establishing courts, and passing laws.
4. Limited Self-Government: While the British government maintained ultimate control over the colonies, they often allowed for a degree of self-government. They encouraged colonists to develop local institutions and make decisions that suited their local circumstances.
5. Navigation Acts: These laws regulated trade within the British Empire and required that certain goods could only be imported or exported on British ships. This protected British merchants and shipping interests.
6. Board of Trade: This body was responsible for regulating trade and managing the colonies. It set policies and oversaw the administration of the colonies, reporting directly to the British government.
7. Colonial Agents in Britain: Some colonies had agents in London who represented their interests and lobbied for their concerns to be heard in the British Parliament and government.
8. Royal Instructions: Governors were given instructions from the crown that outlined their powers, duties, and responsibilities in governing the colonies. These instructions often limited their authority and ensured that they acted in accordance with British policies.
9. Colonial Charters: Some colonies were established through charters granted by the crown, which defined the rights and privileges of the colonists and the powers of the colonial government.
10. Crown Control over Trade and Commerce: The British government strictly regulated trade and commerce in the colonies, aiming to maintain a favourable balance of trade and maximize profits for the British economy.