1. Haida: The Haida people resided in the Pacific Northwest, primarily in the Haida Gwaii archipelago off the coast of present-day British Columbia, Canada. They were renowned for their intricate wood carvings, argillite sculptures, and totem poles depicting clan histories and legends.
2. Tlingit: Living in the southeastern region of Alaska and parts of British Columbia, the Tlingit people had a rich tradition of storytelling, art, and dance. They were skilled carvers of totem poles, masks, and other ceremonial objects, which played significant roles in their cultural and spiritual practices.
3. Nisga'a: The Nisga'a people inhabited the Nass River valley and surrounding areas in northern British Columbia. Their culture emphasized fishing, hunting, and gathering, and they held elaborate ceremonies and potlatches to mark important events and honor their ancestors.
4. Tsimshian: The Tsimshian tribes resided in the coastal areas of British Columbia and Alaska, including the Nass and Skeena River valleys. They were skilled canoe builders and fishermen and had a strong tradition of oral history and storytelling, passed down through generations.
5. Kwakiutl: Occupying the central coast of British Columbia, the Kwakiutl people were renowned for their elaborate potlatches, which involved feasting, gift-giving, and intricate performances to demonstrate social status and prestige. They were also skilled carvers and artists, creating beautiful masks, sculptures, and regalia.
6. Nu-Cha-Nu: The Nu-Cha-Nu peoples lived on Vancouver Island and parts of the mainland coast of British Columbia. Their culture revolved around fishing, hunting, and gathering, and they had a strong belief in the transformative power of dancing and ceremonial performances.
7. Coast Salish: The Coast Salish people resided in the Pacific Northwest region, including coastal areas of British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon. They consisted of numerous tribes with diverse cultural traditions, but shared similarities such as fishing, canoeing, and a rich oral history.
8. Chinook: The Chinook tribes inhabited the lower Columbia River region and the Pacific coast of Washington and Oregon. They were skilled fishermen and traders and played a significant role in facilitating trade and cultural exchange between Native American groups in the region.
9. Yurok: Primarily living along the Klamath River in northwestern California, the Yurok people relied on fishing, hunting, and gathering for subsistence. They had an elaborate ceremonial life and were known for their intricate basketry, wood carving, and featherwork.
10. Pomo: Consisting of several autonomous groups, the Pomo people inhabited the coastal and inland areas of Northern California. Their culture was diverse and varied across different regions, but shared customs such as fishing, basket weaving, and a rich oral tradition.