Europe:
- Austria: The former Austro-Hungarian Empire was split into several independent states, including Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia.
- Czechoslovakia: Czechoslovakia was formed from the merger of the former Austrian provinces of Bohemia and Moravia with parts of Slovakia and Ruthenia.
- Estonia: Estonia gained independence from the Russian Empire in 1918.
- Finland: Finland gained independence from the Russian Empire in 1917.
- Hungary: Hungary was formed from the central and eastern parts of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire.
- Latvia: Latvia gained independence from the Russian Empire in 1918.
- Lithuania: Lithuania gained independence from the Russian Empire in 1918.
- Poland: Poland was re-established as an independent state after being partitioned by Russia, Prussia, and Austria in the 18th century.
- Yugoslavia: Yugoslavia was formed from the merger of the former kingdoms of Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia, as well as parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Macedonia.
Middle East:
- Iraq: Iraq was formed from the former Ottoman provinces of Basra, Baghdad, and Mosul.
- Lebanon: Lebanon was formed from the former Ottoman province of Mount Lebanon.
- Palestine: Palestine was formed from the former Ottoman provinces of Jerusalem, Nablus, and Acre.
- Saudi Arabia: Saudi Arabia was formed from the unification of several independent emirates and sultanates in the Arabian Peninsula.
- Syria: Syria was formed from the former Ottoman provinces of Damascus, Aleppo, and Deir ez-Zor.
- Transjordan: Transjordan was formed from the former Ottoman province of Transjordan.
Africa:
- Egypt: Egypt gained independence from the British Empire in 1922.
- Liberia: Liberia was the only independent country in Africa at the time of World War I.
- South Africa: South Africa gained independence from the British Empire in 1910.
Asia:
- Afghanistan: Afghanistan gained independence from the British Empire in 1919.
- Mongolia: Mongolia gained independence from China in 1911.
- Turkey: Turkey was formed from the remnants of the Ottoman Empire.