Geographic Expansion: The United States had a desire to expand its territory westward, and the Oregon Territory was seen as a valuable addition. The acquisition of Oregon would provide the US with a strategic Pacific coastline, access to natural resources, and additional land for settlement and economic development.
Economic Opportunities: The Oregon Territory was known for its rich natural resources, including timber, fertile land, and rivers suitable for transportation. The US saw the potential for economic growth and prosperity by exploiting these resources. The fur trade, agriculture, and fishing were among the economic activities that could be expanded in the region.
Manifest Destiny: Manifest Destiny was a widespread belief in the 19th century United States that it was the country's destiny to expand westward across the continent. Many Americans believed that it was their duty to settle and develop the land from coast to coast, and the Oregon Territory was seen as a crucial part of this expansionist vision.
Geopolitical Considerations: Acquiring Oregon Territory would strengthen the US position in the Pacific Northwest and counter the influence of other countries, particularly Russia and Great Britain. The US wanted to establish its dominance in the region and prevent potential rivals from gaining control over the territory.
Negotiations with Britain: The Oregon Territory was jointly occupied by the US and Great Britain under the terms of the Anglo-American Convention of 1818. However, tensions arose between the two countries as more American settlers moved into the region. Eventually, the US and Britain reached a compromise through the Oregon Treaty of 1846, dividing the territory along the 49th parallel, with the US gaining the northern portion, which included present-day Oregon, Washington, and parts of Idaho and Montana.