2. Economic interests: The North had a more industrialized economy, while the South was largely agrarian. The North's industrial economy relied on a free labor force, while the South's agricultural economy relied on slave labor. Northern industrialists and workers feared that the expansion of slavery would lead to competition from slave-based industries.
3. Political power: The North had a larger population and more electoral votes than the South. Northerners feared that the South would gain too much political power if it were allowed to secede from the Union.
4. National unity: Many Americans believed that the Union should be preserved at all costs. They saw the Civil War as a rebellion against the legitimate authority of the United States government.
5. Fear of foreign intervention: There were concerns that foreign countries, such as Great Britain and France, might intervene in the Civil War on the side of the South. Northerners feared that this would lead to a longer and more destructive war.