2) Political oppression: When people feel that they are not being represented or that their voices are not being heard, they may resort to violence as a way of expressing their frustration. This can be caused by factors such as authoritarian regimes, corruption, and lack of civil liberties.
3) Ethnic or religious conflict: When different groups of people feel that they are being discriminated against or that their culture is being threatened, it can lead to violence. This can be caused by factors such as racism, religious intolerance, and nationalism.
4) External intervention: When foreign powers intervene in a country's internal affairs, it can lead to civil war. This can be caused by factors such as colonialism, imperialism, and proxy wars.