1. Local Autonomy: Many rural communities were already self-sufficient and had their own administrative systems. The arrival of Arab rule often meant the imposition of new governing structures and taxation, which could lead to resentment and resistance.
2. Religious Differences: The Arab conquerors were predominantly Muslim, while many conquered regions had diverse religious communities. This religious difference could lead to tensions and conflicts, especially in areas where non-Muslims were subjected to discriminatory policies.
3. Economic Disruption: The Arab conquests sometimes disrupted existing trade networks or introduced new economic practices that favored Arab traders and merchants. This could negatively impact the local economy and livelihoods, leading to discontent among the rural population.
4. Cultural and Language Barriers: The Arabs spoke Arabic, while many rural communities had different native languages. This language barrier could create difficulties in communication and understanding, further straining relations between the conquerors and the conquered.
5. Taxation and Forced Labor: Arab rule often involved the imposition of new taxes and demands for forced labor. These burdens could be onerous for the rural population, leading to resentment and resistance against the new rulers.
6. Social and Political Inequities: The Arab conquest sometimes resulted in the establishment of a social hierarchy that privileged Arabs and marginalized local elites or indigenous populations. This could lead to resentment and conflict among different social groups.
It's important to note that while there were instances of resistance, there were also periods of cooperation and adaptation between Arab rulers and local communities. The long-term impact and acceptance of Arab rule varied across different regions and depended on various factors such as the existing political and social structures, the policies implemented by Arab rulers, and the response of the local population.