Following his exile from Central Asia in 1504, Babur conquered Kabul and then defeated the Delhi Sultanate at the First Battle of Panipat in 1526, establishing the Mughal dynasty and beginning the Mughal era in the history of the Indian subcontinent. His descendants ruled most of the Indian subcontinent for three centuries.
Babur's life is divided into four periods:
* His struggles to establish his authority over Central Asia (1494-1504).
* His reign over Kabul and his attempts to expand his empire into India (1504-1526).
* The conquest of Hindustan (1526-1529).
* His reign over the Mughal Empire (1526-1530).
Here are some of the places where Babur ruled:
* Farghana: Babur was born in the city of Andijan in the Fergana Valley of Central Asia. He ruled Farghana from 1494 to 1497.
* Samarkand: Babur conquered Samarkand in 1497, but was forced to abandon it a few months later. He retook Samarkand in 1500, but lost it again in 1501.
* Kabul: Babur conquered Kabul in 1504 and made it his capital. He ruled Kabul until his death in 1530.
* Hindustan: Babur invaded Hindustan in 1526 and defeated the Delhi Sultanate at the First Battle of Panipat. He established the Mughal Empire and ruled over Hindustan until his death in 1530.
Babur's rule over these regions was marked by his military prowess and his ability to unite different ethnic and religious groups under his banner. He was a patron of the arts and literature, and his court was a center of cultural activity. Babur is also remembered for his memoirs, the Baburnama, which is considered one of the most important works of Central Asian literature.