The first shogun of the Edo Shogunate, Ieyasu Tokugawa , The second generation is Ieyasu's third son, Hidetada Tokugawa Mr. Miss.
The lineage of the shogunate will continue, but it may be cut off somewhere.
" Gosanke Tokugawa " made for such a time ".
Ieyasu's 9th man " Owari " Tokugawa family , 10 man " Kishu " Tokugawa family , And the 11th man, " Mito Tokugawa "is.
In fact, the 8th Shogun, "The Unfettered Shogun", Yoshimune Tokugawa Is from the Kishu family.
I briefly introduced the Tokugawa Gosanke, but
This time, I would like to introduce " Yang Earth Dragon " that happened at the end of the Edo period. War , The battle of the Meiji new government army vs. the old shogunate army.
Actually, "Tokugawa Gosanke" was not on the side of the Shogunate army, but on the side of the new government army.
And when the shogunate disappeared, it was " Aizu Matsudaira " that was struck by the brunt. ".
In the "Battle of Aizu", we will continue to fight for the Tokugawa family until the end, which is said to be the tragedy of Aizu.
So, this time, I would like to introduce why the Tokugawa Gosanke decided to fight as an enemy of the Tokugawa family.
The Owari Tokugawa family, the leader of the three families!
Ieyasu Tokugawa's 9th son, Tokugawa Yoshinao Is the first feudal lord of the Owari clan (currently Aichi prefecture), and is " gold . Shachi The famous "Nagoya Castle" is a castle built by Ieyasu for Yoshinao.
By the way, here is " Nagono " "Castle" is built, Oda Nobunaga It is also the castle where Mr. was born.
The land of Owari is the "Tokaido" and " Nakasendo " that connect Kyoto and Edo. Was in an important position to pass.
No general came out of the Owari-Tokugawa family!
Owari feudal lord, 4th feudal lord, Tokugawa Yoshimichi Is the 6th Shogun, Tokugawa Ienobu Highly appreciated by Mr., his own child, Ietsugu Since Kun was still young, he consulted with his vassals about the successor to the shogun.
"Ietsugu is young, and Ieyasu created the three families for such a time. Why don't you hand over the shogunate to Yoshitsuden?"
However, the vassals "We will help the Ietsugu!" So, I became the 7th Shogun as it was.
After that, Ietsugu died at the age of eight, and this time it is the issue of the eighth shogun.
Candidates are the 6th feudal lord of the Owari clan, Tokugawa Tsugutomo Yoshimune Tokugawa , the 5th feudal lord of the Kishu domain Mr. is.
Tsugutomo was also a strong candidate because he was connected to the imperial family and was favored by the vassals of the 6th shogun, Ienobu, but in the end, Yoshimune, who was highly supported by Ooku, became the 8th shogun. Is a woman strong?
With the birth of the Three Lords, we will move further away from the Shogun!
" Tokugawa " similar to Yoshimune Tokugawa's three families Three Lords ".
Yoshimune's second son " Tayasu Tokugawa family
Yoshimune's 4th son " Hitotsubashi " Tokugawa family
Yoshimune's eldest son, 9th Shogun Tokugawa Ieshige Second son " Shimizu Tokugawa family
This Gosankyo is chosen as the successor to the Shogunate and the Gosanke when the successor is cut off.
As a result, the Owari family was unable to issue a shogun, despite being the leader of the three families.
A severance of Yoshinao's bloodline and a feud with the shogun family?
During the time of the 9th feudal lord of the Owari domain, his child died early, and the bloodline of the first feudal lord, Yoshinao Tokugawa, was cut off here.
From the teenage feudal lord to the 13th feudal lord, he is adopted by the Hitotsubashi family, who is the bloodline of the 8th shogun, Tokugawa Yoshimune.
However, most of them were in Edo without coming to Owari, so the Owari clan's finances went into the red.
Because of this, the Owari clan began to prevent adoption from the Gosankyo, and Tokugawa from the Takasu clan. Keikatsu Succeeded in welcoming Mr. as the 14th feudal lord and weakening the interference from the shogunate. This person is the Mito clan as his bloodline.
Keikatsu is a 14th general successor problem Elder, Naosuke Ii In conflict with Mr. Ansei, he will be retired in Ansei Purge.
Hostile to the Shogunate in the Boshin War !?
Battle of the new government army vs. the old shogunate army " Boshin War When this happens, the Owari clan will be on the side of the new government army.
The reason is that he couldn't send a shogun and he was adopted by the shogunate, but in the first place, the first feudal lord, Yoshinao, was Qin Wang .
The Owari family's lesson is " depends on the royal order
"
What is event
Monkey thing " Is listed.
"I will do my loyalty to the emperor, not the vassals of the shogunate" That's right.
Since Emperor Meiji was on the side of the new government, the Owari-Tokugawa family did not betray the shogunate, but merely adhered to the ideas of the feudal lord, Yoshinao.
The Kishu Tokugawa family who produced many generals!
Ieyasu Tokugawa's 10th son, Tokugawa Yorinobu Is the first feudal lord of the Kishu Tokugawa family (currently Wakayama prefecture), and is a key place on the way to and from Kyoto and Edo via the Pacific Ocean.
"When the successor to the Shogun family disappears, adopt from the Owari family or the Kishu family" In fact, the 7th Shogun, Tokugawa Ietsugu The shogun family was cut off because Kun died at the age of eight, and the eighth shogun, Yoshimune Tokugawa It will become the bloodline of the Kishu family from Mr.
In addition, the creation of the Three Lords by Yoshimune will greatly prosper the bloodline of the Kishu family.
The problem of succession to the general broke out in the 8s and 14s!
The 6th feudal lord of the Owari clan, Tsugutomo Tokugawa Yoshimune Tokugawa , the 5th feudal lord of the Kishu domain General succession problem And Yoshimune became the 8th Shogun.
And when deciding the 14th Shogun, successor problem Is happening.
Kishu Domain 13th feudal lord, Tokugawa Iemochi Mr. and the 9th head of the Hitotsubashi family, Tokugawa Yoshinobu Is a candidate.
Yoshinobu was adopted by the Mito Tokugawa family of the three families to the Hitotsubashi family.
The elder who was recommended by Mr. Iemochi, Naosuke Ii Has confronted the Mito Domain, and the famous " Sakuradamon Incident " It is the case that you are assassinated by Ronin Mito.
In the Boshin War, the attitude of obedience !?
The Boshin War has begun, and its first match is Toba . ・ Fushimi Battle The 15th Shogun, Yoshinobu Tokugawa, quickly escaped to Edo.
When that happens, his soldiers lose morale and lose the war.
The Kishu domain is also one of the three families, and since the routed soldiers have fled into the Kishu domain, they will be attacked by the new government forces.
The Kishu domain donated 1,500 soldiers and 150,000 military funds to the new government army to prove that it had no intention of fighting.
When Yoshinobu returns from Osaka to Edo, "Protect Osaka Castle with the Kishu Domain!" I have left some arbitrary instructions, but this is "heavy load" I refuse because of that.
It seems that the desire to protect the clan and not to be the enemy of the emperor was stronger than for the shogunate.
After that, the Tokugawa Shogunate also took a "Kyojun" stance, and the bloodless opening of Edo Castle and Yoshinobu himself entered into a humble life.
And the spearhead of the new government army was directed to the "anti-war faction" of the Aizu clan and the old shogunate.
Third place in the three families? Mito Tokugawa family!
Ieyasu Tokugawa's 11th man, Tokugawa Yorifusa Is the first feudal lord of the Mito Tokugawa family (currently Ibaraki prefecture).
The Mito Domain is located in the middle of the Mito Kaido to the Tohoku region.
The Mito clan is Kokudaka compared to the Owari clan and the Kishu clan. It is said that it was 33 years later that Yorifusa was able to give his surname "Tokugawa", and it was considered to be a branch of the Kishu family.
The reason is that when Ieyasu Tokugawa asks Yorifusa what he wants,
"I want the world!" Answer.
Ieyasu-san, I'm worried that this may disturb the world. Certainly, as a parent, I'm pretty worried.
And it was after the 6th Shogun that the Mito clan entered the three families.
The Mito family of the Qin Wang family!
The Mito family "If there is a dispute between the Tokugawa Shogun family and the imperial court, don't hesitate to side with the emperor!" It seems that there was a family lesson.
The idea formed by the Mito Domain is "Mitogaku" It had a great influence on the priests at the end of the Edo period and became the driving force for the Meiji Restoration.
It is said that the Mito clan was enthusiastic about this idea despite the Tokugawa Gosanke family because they knew that there was almost no possibility that they would be qualified to succeed the shogun in the third place of the Gosanke family.
"Even if it is the three families, the Mito family will not send a general!" There was also a stipulation.
Yoshinobu Tokugawa, the 15th shogun, is from the Mito family, but he is not the Mito family because he was adopted by the Hitotsubashi family.
With this idea in mind, it's understandable that the Mito Domain was on the side of the new government army during the Boshin War.
Summary
This time, I introduced the reason why the three families, who had the second highest position after the Tokugawa Shogunate, joined the new government during the Boshin War.
The Owari family, who couldn't send a general even though they were the first of the three families,
The Kishu family, who produced a number of generals but protected their own clan,
The Mito family developed to survive independently in the position of 3rd place.
There must have been each speculation.
Among them, "I should protect the shogunate!" It was "Aizu Matsudaira" who fought against the new government army until the end. That's how it was.