1. Spanish Colonization and Abuses:
- Rizal was born during a period of Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines. He witnessed firsthand the oppressive treatment and exploitation of the Filipinos by the Spanish authorities and the friars. This, along with stories he heard from his family, instilled in him a deep sense of resentment and determination to fight for his people's freedom and dignity.
2. Execution of Fathers Burgos, Gomez, and Zamora:
- In 1872, three Filipino priests, Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, were falsely accused of treason and executed by the Spanish authorities. This event caused widespread outrage among the Filipino population, including Rizal. The execution of these priests further fueled his desire for reform and justice.
3. Impact of European Education:
- Rizal was able to study in Europe, where he was exposed to liberal and progressive ideas, such as the concept of individual liberty, human rights, and national sovereignty. Reading the works of European philosophers and writers, such as Rousseau and Voltaire, opened his eyes to the flaws of Spanish colonialism and inspired him to pursue social change.
4. Travel and Observation:
- During his travels across Europe, Asia, and the Americas, Rizal took note of the differences in political systems, economic conditions, and social development among nations. He drew inspiration from these observations and began to envision a more progressive and independent Philippines.
5. Publication of "Noli Me Tangere" and "El Filibusterismo:
- Rizal published two influential novels, "Noli Me Tangere" (1887) and "El Filibusterismo" (1891). These works depicted the social injustices and abuses committed by the Spanish friars and officials in the Philippines. The publication of these novels led to increased awareness and support for Filipino reform movements.
6. Formation of La Liga Filipina:
- In 1892, Rizal returned to the Philippines and founded the La Liga Filipina, a civic organization aimed at promoting social reforms and uniting the Filipinos in their aspirations for national unity. The establishment of this organization further enhanced Rizal's nationalistic image.
Overall, it was the combination of personal experiences, exposure to liberal ideas, observation of different nations' progress, and the oppressive nature of Spanish rule that shaped José Rizal's strong nationalistic attitude and motivated him to fight for the freedom and progress of the Philippines.