- Southeast Asia: The Chinese traded with Southeast Asia since at least the 2nd century CE, and possibly earlier. Chinese goods, such as silk, porcelain, and tea, were traded for Southeast Asian goods, such as spices, gold, and ivory.
- India: The Chinese and Indian civilizations traded with each other since the 1st century CE. Chinese goods, such as silk, porcelain, and tea, were traded for Indian goods, such as spices, cotton, and precious stones.
- Central Asia: The Chinese traded with Central Asia since at least the 2nd century CE, and possibly earlier. Chinese goods, such as silk, porcelain, and tea, were traded for Central Asian goods, such as horses, furs, and gold.
- West Asia: The Chinese traded with West Asia since at least the 2nd century BCE, and possibly earlier. Chinese goods, such as silk, porcelain, and tea, were traded for West Asian goods, such as spices, gold, and silver.
- Europe: The Chinese traded with Europe since at least the 13th century CE. Chinese goods, such as silk, porcelain, and tea, were traded for European goods, such as gold, silver, and wool.
The Chinese also traded with other peoples and civilizations, such as the Mongols, the Koreans, the Japanese, and the Africans.