Communist parties, militaristic nationalists and the United Provinces

communist party, militarist nationalist and united province, saamyvaadi dal, sainyvaadi dal, syunkt praant, bhagt singh ko fansi kab di gayi,

Communist parties, militaristic nationalists and the United Provinces

The period between 1917 and 1921 in India was the time of preparation for the communist movement. The Soviet Revolution of 1917 and the efforts of Manvendra Nath Rai, Rabindra Nath Mukherjee, Virendra Nath Chattopadhyay and Bhupendra Nath Dutt paved the way for the establishment of a communist party in India. The newspapers named Pratap and Pappu of Kanpur were vigorously engaged in the promotion of Bielshevism. Satya Bhagat, a journalist in Kanpur, founded the Communist Party of India here in September 1924. This party declared that it has nothing to do with and with the revolutionary parties operating abroad. In December 1925, the first conference of this group was held in Kanpur, which was presided over by Peer. By the second session of the party on the question of relations with Kaminatarn, substantial differences had arisen in it, in which session of Kolkata did Satya Bhakta declare that the party would retain its national character, but against whom the majority of the representatives was. As a result, Satya Bhagat resigned and founded the National Communist Party. In contrast, the Communist Party of India made its goal the establishment of a revolutionary organization and an anti-imperialist policy.

Before the start of Gandhi's movement in the United Provinces, a mass movement was going on among the farmers in Lucknow and the adjoining districts of Lucknow. was. Kisan Madari Pasi was leading this mass movement called a movement. This movement was spread to Lucknow, Malihabad, Hardoi, Unnao, Fatehpur and Farrukhabad. The main objective of this movement was to maintain communal unity among the peasants and to unitely oppose the exploitation of the landlords. The chiefs associated with this movement used betel nut to invite the farmers to their meetings. Madari Pasi used to address these meetings, he used to give oath to all the farmers to maintain mutual unity by placing their hands on Gita and Quran and providing help to the captive farming families. This movement ended very soon due to government repression. At the beginning of this period, Gandhi's non-cooperation movement had started attracting the youth of Awadh and the urban lower middle class, but when Gandhi withdrew the non-cooperation movement after the Chori Chora scandal, revolutionary militarism took these disappointed low Started attracting middle class youth towards him. As a result revolutionary activities started gaining momentum in Bengal, Punjab and United Provinces.

The well-known incident of the Kakori train robbery near Lucknow on 9 August 1925 was the result of revolutionary activities in the United Provinces. Immediately after this incident, the crackdown of the revolutionaries started throughout the United Provinces. The accused of this incident Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaq Ulla Khan and Roshan Singh were sentenced to death and many revolutionaries including Ram Prasad Khatri, Mamthnath Gupta were sentenced to long imprisonment. When no big lawyer was prepared to fight this case without taking fees on behalf of the revolutionaries, then young lawyer Chandrabhanu Gupta offered the services of his policies. Later this Chandrabhanu Gupta also became the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh.

In the ruins of Delhi's Feroz Shah Kotla, the revolutionaries organized a secret meeting before their arrest. Their purpose was also to re-organize the revolutionaries who had done so. Shiv Sharma Jaidev Kapoor in this historic meeting. Surendra Pandey and Vijay Kumar Sinha represented the United Provinces. Other delegates include Sardar Bhagat Singh and Sukhdev from Punjab, Kundan Lal Rata from Rajasthan, Phanindra Nath Ghosh from Bihar and Manmohan Banerjee. No representative could come from Bengal.

At the time of the Kotla meeting, a revolutionary was divided into two groups of United Provinces and Punjab. It was decided to work in a collective leadership in both the groups. This group was named Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA). Chandrashekhar Azad was elected the commander of this organization. A Central Committee was also elected, in which Sardar Bhagat Singh and Sukhdev in Punjab, Shiv Verma and Vijay Kumar Sinha in United Provinces, Kundan Lal from Rajasthan and Phanindra Nath Ghosh were elected from Bihar. The headquarters of the organization of Agra was made and it was accepted as a policy that dacoities would not be committed to collect money from common citizens.

The manner in which the police had lathi-charged Lala Lajpat Rai during the protest against the Simon Commission and due to which he died in the end, the HSRA considered it a national insult and decided to take its revenge. Sardar Bhagat Singh was born on 19 December 1928. He took revenge by killing a police officer named P. Saunders. Along with Bhagat Singh, Chandrashekhar Azad and Rajguru were also involved in this revolutionary work. H. S. R. a. After the murder of the Ko members secretly pasted a handwritten poster at different places in Lahore, in which the matter of avenging the national humiliation was declared. H. S. R. a. This poster was issued by,

These revolutionaries decided to change the nature of their activities by making the goal of getting the support of the people necessary for the revolution in India. Now instead of working in secret, the idea of working among the public was created. Under this policy, it was also decided to awaken the sleeping people of India by throwing a bomb in the Central Legislature.

The responsibility of this work was put on Sardar Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Singh Dutt. However, no one was in favor of sending Bhagat Singh on this mission, as it was known to all that sending him meant sending him to death. The police were looking for him in the Sandras murder. His capture meant the same thing as being sent to the gallows,

Bhagat Singh believed that no one better than him could defend the side of the revolutionary when caught. As a result, the organization was forced to put the responsibility of this work on Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt. Both these revolutionaries threw a bomb in the Central Legislature on 8 April 1929, this bomb was thrown against the announcement of the Labor Department Resolution and the Public Safety Amendment Proposal, both of them threw pamphlets along with the bomb and both of them also raised slogans. When it was possible to escape, he thought it appropriate to be arrested, which was a part of his pre-determined policies.

The two other revolutionaries who were chosen for the support of Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt in this mission were both from the United Provinces. Shiv Varma and Jaidev Kapoor did the work of reaching both of them outside the Legislature. After this Shiv Verma went to Lahore with a photograph of Bhagat Singh and a letter in the name of Sukhdev. The photograph was handed over to the Lahore Press on the evening of 7 April, which was the first to publish it after the 8 April bombings.

Both Sardar Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt were booked for throwing bombs and Bhagat Singh for the murder of Saunders, the period of arrest of revolutionaries started all over the country. Verma and Jaidev Kapoor were arrested along with a factory run by the revolutionaries in Saharanpur. The Financial Lahore Conspiracy Trial Apart from these four, Sukhdev, Rajguru, Gaya Prasad Katiyar, Vijay Kumar Sinha, Kishori Lal and Kundan Lal were also accused in this case, famous in history. Chandrashekhar Azad was not caught till the end. On February 27, 1931, he died fighting with Madhuri in Alfred Park, Allahabad. On 23 March 1931, Sardar Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru were hanged and all the above accused were sentenced to life imprisonment. The revolutionaries were successful in earning the sympathy and support of their entire country during this trial.

The second phase of the Gandhian movement in India had come to a rest by this time. The stagnation which now came in the activities of revolutionary organizations and due to the second round of Gandhian nationalism could not regain its old intensity. But there is no doubt that the brave deeds of these brave revolutionaries stirred the public consciousness.

Communist parties, militaristic nationalists and the United Provinces

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Communist parties, militaristic nationalists and the United Provinces