Natural Formation of Uttar Pradesh

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Natural Formation of Uttar Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh can be mainly divided into 2 natural regions on the basis of climate, natural vegetation, soil and land-structure etc.-

1. Southern Plateau
2. Plains

Southern Plateau

There are mainly two land parts under the southern plateau region of Uttar Pradesh.

1. Bundelkhand
2. Baghelkhand

Bundelkhand

The southern highlands of this region are formed by the oldest rocks and rocks of these studies. In this area, these rocks are found everywhere in the form of hard dunes and their general height is 450 meters. The soil deposited by rivers is found in the lower Bundelkhand, which has been eroded due to the action of erosion.

Red colored soil is found in this area. There has been a fundamental change in landforms in the region of Bundelkhand, because here deep, narrow and rough valleys have been formed by rivers. Monsoon climate is found here. The average temperature in this region ranges from 28 to 32 Celsius in summer and 15 to 18 Celsius in winter. Monsoon winds bring rainfall in this part. Whose volume is up to 100 cm.

Unfertile black and loamy soils are found in the rivers of Bundelkhand. Monsoon type of natural vegetation is found in this region. The trees of Dhak, Shisham, Bamboo etc. are found in a very compact form, in some places, CD-like trees are also found in scattered form.

The wood of the forests found in this area is suitable for building works. In these forests, lac, lap, honey and various types of herbs are obtained as an auxiliary product, grasslands are located in the area of ​​low rainfall, in which mainly cattle grazing is done, here Kansas The name grass is found in abundance.

Bundelkhand

Most of the district of Mirzapur comes under it. The height of this land is about 450 meters. Conical mounds are found here in different areas. The plateau region of Baghelkhand has been torn at various places and the rivers flowing here have formed narrow valleys.

Son is the main river of this region. Similar to Bundelkhand, this region has climatic conditions and natural vegetation is also found in abundance. Small shrubs are found in areas eroded by rivers. Whereas bamboo is found in abundance in the pastoral parts. Due to the availability of forests, wood cutting is done in abundance, as well as animal husbandry.

plain region

Situated between the Shivalik hills in the north and the plateau gardens in the south, the plains of Uttar Pradesh have been formed by the sedimentary deposits brought to the mountainous region by the Ganges and its tributaries - Yamuna, Gandak, Ramganga etc. The Yamuna and Gandak rivers determine the western and eastern boundaries of this vast plain, respectively. This region can be divided into regions from the point of view of surface structure, soil, temperature, rainfall and natural vegetation.

1. Gangetic plains
2. Gangetic plains
3. Eastern Gangetic plain

Upper Gangetic plain

This plain region is situated in the southern part of the Shivalik hills. Its boundary line is determined by the Shivalik hills in the north, the Bundelkhand plateau in the south and the Malwa plateau in the southwest. In this plain region, the plains of Bhabar and Terai are spread in the districts of Shahjahanpur and Kheri etc., while in the districts of Bahraich, Gonda, Basti, Gorakhpur etc., the Terai area is wide.

The width of this plain decreases from west to east in the Bhabar region. Rivers like Sukhta, Deoha and Gomti etc. originate from Bhabar and Terai region. Ramganga and Ghaghra rivers have played a major role in the formation of troughs in this region. The upper plains of the Ganges are also divided into the Ganga-Ghagra Doab, the Ganga-Yamuna Doab, the foothills of the mountains and the Yamuna's border region.

Apart from Ganga, Ghaghara and Gomti rivers are the main means of drainage system in this region. The Himalayan mountain is the main source of the Ganges and its tributaries flowing in this region, where due to the melting of snow in summer, it remains full of water throughout the year, the climate of this region is hot and humid. The average temperature ranges from 30° to 34°C in summer and 14° to 18°C ​​in winter.

In the rainy season, rainfall occurs from June to October due to monsoon winds. The amount of rainfall varies from 100 to 150 cm. It is found in abundance here due to natural vegetation and summer season and sufficient rainfall. The main trees are Sal, Semal, Dhak, Haldu and Tendu trees. In the midst of the condensed forests, long varieties of grass like Sawai and Samsai grow here, which are used for making paper. The soil of this state is suitable for the cultivation of rice and sugarcane. But due to the abundance of forests, agricultural crops have not been able to develop much. Due to the use of taps of various rivers in this state, land is being prepared for agriculture by cutting down forests.

Central plain of the Ganges

Large flat plains are situated in this region. Whose height ranges from 145 to 225 meters. Here the plains are suitable for agriculture by the rivers flowing in the region. The slope of this central plain is from north west to south east. Bangdar areas have been created. In the areas of the ancient committee located here, where the rivers do not reach the Kajal, while the Khadar areas have been created in the areas that are submerged in time.

This area is mainly found in Ganga Yamuna Doab and Ganga Ramganga Doab. The Bhur region has expanded on the eastern bank of the Ganges river, which is a type of high mounds of sandy soil. In the Pleistocene era, these burrows have been formed due to the sand collected by the rivers. From the point of view of the climatic region, the middle plain of the Ganges is a continental region, where it is hot in summer and cold in winter.

In summer the temperature reaches up to 40 degree Celsius while the average temperature ranges from 40 to 42 Celsius. The average temperature in winter ranges from 18 to 20 Celsius. The temperature is lowest in the month of January. This region receives rainfall due to the winds coming from the Bay of Bengal, which is of monsoon type.

In winter, there is a small amount of rain caused by cyclones. The total amount of rainfall is about 60 cm between types. As a result, there is a lack of natural vegetation in the state and agriculture is done on most of the area. Nevertheless, forests are found at various places, mainly consisting of mango, jamun, mahua, neem, acacia, shisham, peepal trees. The areas of the districts of Saharanpur, Bijnor, Meerut, Muzaffarpur Nagar, Bulandshahr, Aligarh, Mathura, Agra, Mainpuri, Etah, Badaun, Moradabad, Bareilly etc. come in the Gangetic plain. The soils of this region are of fertile type. The sandy loam, matiyar loam soil are among the major soils found here. Black soil is also found in the banks of river Yamuna. In the areas where there is a problem of water logging, there has been an expansion of the sandy waste area.

Eastern plains of the Ganges

To the north of this plain lies the Terai region and to the south lies the Eastern Vindhya Pradesh. Districts like Banaras, Ghazipur, Jaunpur, Azamgarh, Ballia, Mirzapur etc are located in this state. In this part, the Khadar areas have expanded more from the point of view of land structure. The height of this plain area is about 80 to 100 meters above sea level, where the trembling soil brought by the Ganges and its tributaries is found.

Here it is found in lakes at various places, which dry up after the end of the rainy season. These types of lakes are known as Chaur and Shabar in this region. The lateral gardens of these flooded lakes have developed greatly. In this region, it is climatically hot in summer and winter in winter, but its intensity is less here than in the upper and middle areas of the wide plain.

The average temperature ranges from 15 to 18 Celsius in winter and 28 to 31 Celsius in summer. It is very hot in May-June and the temperature reaches 38 degrees. Most of the rainfall here comes from monsoon winds, the amount of which ranges from 4 cm to 125 cm. Its maximum quantity is found in the east-west and decreases in the north-south.

Alluvial soils are found mainly in the eastern plains of the Ganges, which are formed by the deposits of sediments brought by the rivers. This soil is quite fertile, but due to its layer being less deep, the fertility ends soon. In Khadar areas, sandy, sandy-loam type soils and in Bangar areas, clay-loam soils are found. These soils are known as Sikta, Karial and Dhankar. There is a lack of natural vegetation in these regions. A very small amount of different types of trees like Neem, Shisham, Sisu, Peepal etc. are found on the banks of rivers. Long grass is also found in the lowland area.

Uttar Pradesh:Natural Region