National Movements in India

Indian National Congress (1885 AD,)

The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 AD by a retired British officer AO Harmu. The first session of the Indian National Congress was held at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit Mahavidyalaya, Mumbai. Its first president was Vyomesh Chandra, in which 72 delegates participated.

Partition of Bengal (1905 AD)

In order to suppress the national consciousness, Lord Curzon announced the partition of Bengal on 16 August 1950. On this occasion, Rabindranath Tagore wrote a song called Amar Sonar Bangla, which later became the national anthem of Bangladesh. Partition of Bengal was canceled in the year 1911 as a result of the Swadeshi and Boycott Movement.

Establishment of Muslim gender (1906 AD)

Muslim Linga was established on 30 December 1996 in Kota Ka under the leadership of Nawab Salim Ulla of Dhaka. Salimullah was the founding president of the linga, when Mushtaq Hussain presided over the first session. Muslim gender in Amritsar session (1908) Demand for separate electorate for Muslims, which was accepted in the year 1990 Marley Minto Reforms.

Important Dates of National Movement

Delhi Durbar (1911 AD)

Held in Delhi on the arrival of British Emperor George V Queen Mary to India. In this it was announced to annul the partition of Bengal and transfer the capital of India from Kolkata to Delhi.

Home Rule Movement (1916 AD)

Annie Besant founded it in September 1916 in Adyar, its first secretary was George Arundale. Bal Gangadhar Tilak formed the Home Rule League.

National Movement (Gandhi era)-Mahatma Gandhi

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869 in Porbandar, Gujarat. In 1893 AD he went to Africa and raised his voice against apartheid policy. Gandhiji returned to India in January 1915. In the year 1916, Gandhiji established the Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad.

In April 1917, in Champaran, Bihar, he raised his voice against the atrocities being committed by the Tinkathia method on the farmers for the cultivation of indigo. After Champaran, Gandhiji intervened on the issue of Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918), launched a movement against the payment of rent in Kheda, Gujarat in the year 1918. Gandhiji is also called a philosophical anarchist. Because the philosophers of this ideology do not accept any kind of desire for the root of evil.

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (1919 AD)

On the day of Vaisakhi on 13 April 1919, a public meeting was organized at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar in protest against the arrest of Dr. Satyapal and Saifuddin Kitchlew. General Michael O'Dwyer opened fire on thousands of people present without any prior information. About 1000 people died. In this massacre, an Indian named Hansraj had cooperated with Tyre. In protest against this incident, Rabindra Nath Tagore renounced the knighthood, Mahatma Gandhi Kesar-e-Hind and Jamuna Lal Bajaj relinquished the title of Rai Bahadur.

Khilafat Movement (1920 AD)

The movement against the removal of Turkey from power by the British started in India. Khilafat Day was celebrated on 31 August 1920. This movement was led by Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali. The first conference of the All India Khilafat Committee was held in Delhi in September 1919. Gandhi became its first president.

Non-cooperation Movement (1920 AD)

The resolution of the non-cooperation movement was passed in the Kolkata session under the chairmanship of Lala Lajpat Rai. During this movement, educational institutions and courts were boycotted. Muhammad Ali was first arrested in this movement. On February 5, 1922, 22 police personnel were burnt alive inside the police station by the protestor in Chori Chora in Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh. Hurt by this incident, Gandhiji withdrew the non-cooperation movement on February 12, 1922.

Simon Commission (1927 AD)

The British government established a 7-member commission under the leadership of Sir John Simon, in which all the members were Englishmen. This commission reached Mumbai on 3 February 1928. The function of this commission was to recommend what should be the nature of the constitutional expansion of India. Due to the non-inclusion of any Indian in this commission, there was strong opposition in India. Lala Lajpat Rai died in the year 1928 due to a deep lathi blow in Lahore during the protest against the commission.

Civil Disobedience Movement (1930 AD)

Mahatma Gandhi presented an 11-point proposal to Irwin on 13 February 1930. The Civil Disobedience Movement was started due to not considering the demands presented by Gandhiji. On 12 March 1930, Gandhiji along with volunteers did a 322 km Dandi march in Sabarmati Ashram, on 6 April, the salt law was broken. Subhas Chandra Bose compared Gandhi's Dandi March with Napoleon's visit to Paris.

First Round Table Conference (1930 – 1931 AD)

This conference was held in London from 12 November 1930 to 13 February 1931. This conference ended on 19 February 1931 as a result of the boycott of the Congress.

Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931 AD)

Mahatma Gandhi and Irwin signed an agreement on 5 March 1931, which is called Gandhi Irwin Pact.

Second Round Table Conference (1931 AD)

This conference was held on 7 September 1931 in London on 1 December 1931, in which Congress participated. Failed because of a dispute over a problem. After coming back from London, Gandhiji started the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Third Round Table Conference (1932 AD)

The Congress did not participate in the Third Round Table Conference, which began on November 17, 1932. The Prime Minister of England was Ramsay MacDonald during all three Round Table Conferences. Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar was the only representative to participate in all the three Round Table Conferences.

Communal Decision ( 1932 AD)

British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald announced the Communal Award on 16 August 1932. In this there was the glory of separate electorate for the Depressed Classes. In protest, Gandhiji started a fast unto death at Yerwada Jail in Pune. Finally, the Poona Pact was signed between Gandhiji and Ambedkar on 25 September 1932 with the relatives of Madan Mohan Malviya, Rajendra Prasad and Rajagopalachari.

August Proposal (1940 AD)

Dominion state was considered as the main target for India in the August resolution. After the war, the goal of forming a Constituent Assembly was set. Congress rejected the August offer.

Cripps Mission (1942 AD)

The establishment of the Indian Union with the Dominion State was proposed in the Cripps Mission. After the war, there was talk of electing the members of the Constituent Assembly by the provincial assemblies. Gandhiji said about the Cripps plan, this is a check at a later date.

Quit India Movement (1942 AD)

Quit India resolution was passed unanimously at the meeting of the Indian National Congress in Mumbai on 8 August 1942. Gandhiji gave the slogan of do or die to the people. Muslim League opposed the Quit India Movement. Pakistan Day was celebrated on 23 March 1945.

Wavell Plan (Shimla Conference, 1945 AD)

In this plan, it was said that all the members of the executive committee of the Governor-General, except the Governor-General and the Commander-in-Chief, would be Indians. It was done after the number of Hindus and Muslims was equal in the council. She herself will nominate me all the Muslims of the council.

Cabinet Mission (1946 AD)

The Cabinet Mission came to India on 23 March 1940. It consisted of 3 members - Sir Stafford Cripps, AB and Patrick Lawrence. Party leader and British Prime Minister Clement Attlee sent India about this mission. Pakistan's proposal rejected. Civilization and residuary powers to the provinces. The selection of the members of the Constituent Assembly in the provincial assemblies. Provision of a common center for defence, foreign affairs and communications. The princely states, free to negotiate with the successor government or the British government.

In June 1940, both Ling and Congress accepted the Cabinet Mission Plan. The Muslim League declared August 16, 1940 to be the Direct Action Day, in September 1946, an interim government was formed under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru. In October 1940, the Muslim League joined the Interim Government. In February 1947, members of the Congress demanded the expulsion of the members of the Muslim League from the Interim Government, Ling raised the demand for the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly.

Atlee's announcement

In this declaration, there was talk of transferring power by June 30, 1948. The transfer of power took place either by a common center or by promulgation of the formation of provincial governments in some areas.

Mountbatten Plan (June 3, 1947)

On March 22, 1947, Lord Mountbatten, the last British Viceroy of India, came to India. A plan was announced by Lord Mountbatten on 3 June 1947, known as the Mountbatten Plan. Based on the Mountbatten plan, the Indian Independence Bill was presented in the British Parliament on July 4, 1947, and was approved on July 18. India was given independence on 15 August 1947. The British Parliament in India was implemented from 1960 and 15 August 1947.

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