Detailed information related to the Mughal period

Mughal period

Mughal Belongs to the Chughtai dynasty of Turkey. The words of Babur, whose capital was in Samarkand. Babur captured Kabul in 1504 AD and in 1507 assumed the title of Padshah. Detailed information related to Mughal period

Babur (1526-30 AD)

Zaheeruddin Babar was born on 14 February 1483 in Fargana. He became the ruler of Central Asia Sati Fargana. Babur's father's name was Umar Sheikh Mirza and mother's name was Katulughnigar Khanum. Babur established the Mughal dynasty in India by defeating Ibrahim Lodi in the First Battle of Panipat (1526 AD). In the Battle of Khanwa (1527 AD), Babur defeated Rana Sanga and assumed the title of Ghazi. Babur defeated Medini Rai in the Battle of Chanderi (1528 AD).

Babur defeated Mohammad Lodhi in the Battle of Ghaghra (1529 AD). Babur wrote his autobiography Tuzuk-e-Babri in Turkish language. Babur used artillery in the first battle of Panipat and adopted the new policy of war in the war, Tulugama policy. Ustad Ali and Mustafa were famous guns of Babur. Babur died in 1530 AD at Aram Bagh, Agra.

Humayun (1530-56 AD)

Nasruddin Humayun ascended the throne on 30 December 1530 at the age of 23 in Agra. Humayun founded the city of Din Panah near Delhi. His main enemy was Sher Shah Suri, who defeated him in the battle of Chausa (1539 AD), Humayun had to take refuge outside India after being defeated in the battle of Kannauj (Bilgram) in 1540 AD.

In 1556 AD, Humayun died due to falling from the stairs of the library named Sher Mandal in Delhi. The four major rebellions fought by Humayun are - Doraha or Dohariya (1532 AD), Chausa (1539 AD), Bilgram (1540 AD) and the war of Sirhind (1555 AD)

Sur dynasty

Sher Shah Suri ruled India from 1540-45 AD by defeating Humayun in the Battle of Chausa (1539 AD) and the Battle of Kannauj (1540 AD). Sher Shah Suri's real name was Farid. He was given the title of Sher Khan by Bahar Khan Lohani. After victory in the battle of Chausa, he assumed the title of Sher Shah Suri. The campaign of Kalinjar in 1540 AD was Sher Shah's last military campaign. Sher Shah died due to the explosion of a shell in it. Malik Muhammad Jayasi composed Padmavat during the reign of Sher Shah.

Sher Shah Suri had built the Sher Shah Suri road from the Indus river to Bengal. Sher Shah's tomb is located in Sasaram (Bihar). He established the old fort on the banks of the river Yamuna and got the Killi-e-Kunha mosque built in the old fort. He issued coins called silver rupee copper price.

Information related to Bahmani kingdom

Akbar (1556-1605 AD)

Akbar was born on 15 October 1542, during the stay of Humayun, in the palace of Rana Virsal in Amarkot. Akbar's mother's name was Hamida Banu Begum. Akbar's coronation took place in 1556 AD at Kalanaur. Akbar ruled under the protection of Bairam Khan till 1507 AD. Bairam Khan was appointed a lawyer. As soon as sitting on the throne, Akbar defeated Hemu Vikramaditya with the help of Bairam Khan in the Second Battle of Panipat in 1556 AD. Akbar abolished the Jizya tax in 1564 AD. During the time of Akbar, there was a revolt of industries, soils and Yusufzai. In the famous battle of Haldi Ghati in 1576 AD, Akbar's general Raja Mansingh defeated Maharana Pratap, the ruler of Mewar. In 1571 AD, Akbar founded a city named Fatehpur Sikri, 36 km from Agra and built the Buland Darwaza to enter it. Buland Darwaza was built by Akbar to commemorate the victory of Gujarat. 1500 Akbar founded the Tohid-e-Ilahi or Din-e-Ilahi religion taking the principles of all religions. Din-i-Ilahi was the first and last Hindu ruler to accept the religion. Birbal died in suppressing the rebellion of Yusufzaiyo. Abul Fazl wrote the Akbarnama. Akbar started the practice of Mansabdari in the Mughal Empire. Akbar died in 1605 AD. Sufi saint Sheikh Salim Chishti was a contemporary of Akbar.

Important Works of Akbar

Jahangir (1605 – 27 AD)

His childhood name was Salim and assumed the title of Noor Uddin Jahangir, the fifth Guru of the Sikhs, Guru Arjan Dev, He was sentenced to death for helping Prince Khusrau. Jahangir married Mehrunisha, the widow of Sher-i-Afghan (Ali Quli Khan) in 1611 AD, who later became famous as Nur Jahan. Jahangir established a Chitrashala in Agra under the leadership of the Agra king. Noor Jahan's mother Asmat Begum had discovered the method of extracting perfume from roses. Jahangir He conquered Kangra in 16 to 20 AD and suppressed the rebellion of Mahavatankha from 16 to 26 AD. Jahangir introduced the coin named Nisar. Mughal painting was at its peak during the reign of Jahangir. To give justice to the people of the state, he got the gold chain of the judicial copy installed outside his palace. During the reign of Jahangir, the first British mission came to the Mughal court under the leadership of Captain Hawkins (1608 – 11 AD) who could not get the merchant permission. The second mission to India under the leadership of Sir Thomas Roe (1615 – 18 AD) was successful in obtaining two trading permits. During the reign of Jahangir, from 16 to 13 AD, the British established the first trade center in Surat. Jahangir died in 1627 AD.

Shah Jahan (1627-58 AD)

Jagat Gosai (Jodha Bai), daughter of Udai Singh, the ruler of Jodhpur, had a son, whose childhood name was Khurram. The Peacock Throne was built by Shah Jahan. Its main artist was Badal Khan. It dealt with Arjumand Bano Begum, daughter of Noor Jahan's brother Aastha. Known as Mumtaz Mahal. Shah Jahan built Moti Masjid in Agra, Jama Masjid in Delhi. Instead of Agra, the capital of Shahjahanabad was made in front of Delhi. The Moti Masjid in the Red Fort was built by Aurangzeb. Got it done on April 25, 498 There was a war of religion between Dhara and Aurangzeb. Dara was defeated in this war. Dara Shikoh was known as Sahib Buland Iqbal. In 1658 AD, Aurangzeb, winning the battle of Samugarh, captured the capital and arrested Shah Jahan and imprisoned him in the Agra Fort.

Tombs of Mughal Rulers

peak power

Sikhism was founded by Guru Nanak. After Guru Nanak, Guru Angad and Amar Das made the path important. Akbar met Guru Amardas at Goindwal. The fourth Guru Ramdas established the city of Amritsar. Guru Arjun Dev got the Adi Granth compiled in 1604 AD. The ninth Guru Tegh Bahadur was assassinated in Delhi by Aurangzeb in 1617. The last and tenth Guru Guru Gobind Singh founded the Khalsa Panth. Before the establishment of Khalsa in Anandpur by Guru Gobind Singh, Nirankari used to emphasize on Guru Nanak and Sikhism. After Guru Gobind Singh, Banda Bahadur became the leader of the Sikhs, who got Farrukhsiyar killed in 1715 AD. Later the Sikhs were divided in 12 years.

Sikh Dharma Gurus and Their Works