Ieyasu Tokugawa finally unified the world and then laid the foundation for the world of Taihei. I would like to find out what kind of life Ieyasu, who has the image of a patience person, lived.
It is quite famous that the childhood name was Takechiyo, so I will go with Takechiyo when I was a childhood name, but after that the name is complicated, so Ieyasu will unify it. In addition to being a long-lived person, I will write in the first half and the second half because there are many ups and downs such as conflicts and alliances to solidify my feet, entanglement with the people of the world, and the circumstances leading up to becoming a shogun.
Childhood with a series of hardships
Ieyasu Tokugawa Called his childhood name Takechiyo, and on January 31, 1543, his father, Matsudaira Hirotada . And his mother, Odai no kata I was born in Okazaki Castle during the period, but Takechiyo The Matsudaira family was in the midst of great turmoil even before the birth of.
Although Kiyoyasu, the grandfather of Takechiyo, unified most of Mikawa during his heyday, he died while competing with the neighboring Oda clan (it is said that the hostile forces of the Matsudaira clan [Matsudaira Nobusada] were involved).
Chiyo Takechi's father, Hirotada , who was young at the time Is taken by an old vassal of the Matsudaira family and escapes, and after wandering, returns to Okazaki Castle with the help of the Imagawa family. Taking this opportunity, the Matsudaira family came under the influence of the Imagawa family.
Under such circumstances, the daughter of the Mizuno family who controls the area between Owari and Mikawa, Odai no kata Bamboo Chiyo (Ieyasu) was born, but there were so many betrayals inside that it was suspected that the Nobusada camp (the hostile force of the Matsudaira clan) was connected to the Oda clan in Owari (below is around 1543). map).
Furthermore, the Mizuno family is Odai no kata When the older brother of (Takechiyo's mother) succeeded, the policy changed. Since the Mizuno family emphasized the Oda family, my father, Hirotada Prioritizes the relationship with the Imagawa family Odai no kata Divorced with Takechiyo Will break up with her real mother at the age of three.
The loss of ties with the Mizuno family means that we are at the forefront of the Matsudaira family vs. the Oda family. Father Hirotada Was inferior in repeated battles, Yoshimoto Imagawa Request help.
The price required was Takechiyo , who was 6 years old at the time. was.
However, the vassals of the Matsudaira family betrayed Hirotada again and were supposed to go to the Imagawa family Takechiyo . Is under the Oda clan. Bamboo Chiyo She lives a hostage life in the Oda clan for about two years.
Bamboo Chiyo Is her father's Hirotada during her hostage life Died. Bamboo Chiyo who should be the head of Matsudaira Yoshimoto Imagawa was worried that Matsudaira's vassals might belong to Oda because he was trapped in Oda. Sent his own confidant to Okazaki Castle, and Matsudaira of Mikawa was Yoshimoto Imagawa in both name and reality. Was placed under the control of.
In the end, Imakawa captured the Oda clan's prince in the battle with Oda, and by exchanging hostages with the Oda clan's prince, Takechiyo Was taken over by the Imagawa family, and in 1555 Yoshimoto Imagawa Becomes an Eboshi oya and wears a genpuku, and her name is Yoshimoto I got a letter from Motonobu (I have been well educated to be his vassal). In 1557, Yoshimoto Two years later, Nobuyasu However, the following year, Kamehime Is born.
As mentioned above, Ieyasu There were some points that would have been given preferential treatment to Yoshimoto, but of course it was not just the preferential treatment.
Ieyasu He made his debut in the battle with Oda the year before his marriage, but only part of the former territory was given as a reward. Ieyasu It looks like they are treating individuals well, but you can see that they are wary of territory.
Ieyasu and other Matsudaira officials may have felt sick in this case.
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Ieyasu gets a chance of independence
In 1560, the Ieyasu camp has a decisive opportunity to become independent.
The lord, Yoshimoto Imagawa, was defeated by Nobunaga Oda Battle of Okehazama is.
Battle of Okehazama Then Ieyasu also set out as the Ieyasu camp and was carrying out the task of delivering supplies to the castle of Ieyasu, who was on the siege of troops.
The bad news of the lord that arrived while staying at the castle. After deciding whether it was true or not, he entered Okazaki Castle, which was under the control of Matsudaira until his father's generation, and started his own military operations. By the way, the castle of Okazaki Castle is Yoshimoto . I've already retreated from my death, so it's relatively easy to get.
Ieyasu who was in the Okehazama Was in a situation where he wanted his family to be in the Imagawa territory and wanted to fight, so Ieyasu's daughter Kamehime and his eldest son Nobuyasu, who were born in Sunpu (Ieyasu territory, Suruga), became the hostages of the Imagawa family. .. Ieyasu takes advantage of that weakness and urges him to be on his side over and over again, but Ieyasu refuses to do so.
Furthermore, while the lords (Takeda and Hojo of the Koso Suruga Alliance) who have an alliance with Imagawa are dealing with their own troubles, Ieyasu attacks the Imagawa base and the territory of Imagawa relatives other than Totomi and Suruga. .. Before and after that, the shogun at that time, Yoshiteru Ashikaga We will clarify the independence from the Imagawa family by presenting Suruma to.
That said, Imakawa is powerful. The allies are all famous daimyo such as Takeda and Hojo. It was extremely difficult to resist with Matsudaira alone.
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The turning point of the Matsudaira family, the conclusion of the Kiyosu alliance
In the neighborhood of Mikawa, where Matsudaira was based, not only Imakawa but also Oda, who has a lot of momentum, exists. There was always the shadow of Oda behind Matsudaira's drinking of Sanzan-boiled water, but if he were to be an ally, no one would be so encouraging.
Moreover, in the case of Oda (although it is not a happy past), former vassals, relatives, Ieyasu's childhood acquaintances, etc .... You can find any number of contacts with the Matsudaira family.
Among them, I relied on my maternal uncle, Mizuno Nobumoto . .. Matsudaira is for measures against Imagawa, and Oda is for Mino's measures against Saito (Oda and Saito were in a hostile relationship after the death of Dosan Saito).
However, due to the long-standing hostile relationship, many of the vassals of each other have distrust of the other party, so it is difficult to form an alliance. In the end, the alliance was formed in 1562, two years after Okehazama.
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Outbreak of Mikawa Ikko-ikki
Nobunaga Oda Kiyosu Alliance with Let's finally attack the Imagawa family, which is the original purpose! !! It didn't become ... This is because the year after the Kiyosu Alliance, Ikko-ikki occurred in Mikawa under the rule of 1563.
Right of non-entry Ieyasu wants to secure the rights of the temple to Mikawa's Mikawa Temple, which claims (the right to prohibit entry to temples and shrines, and the right to on-site inspection to secure tax revenue).
When the Muromachi period is a little stable
The Shogunate is non-privileged Extraterritorial land can be created in the territory of the guardian
=The power of protection will be suppressed, and the dependence on the shogunate on the side receiving non-entry rights will increase.
However, as the authority of the Shogunate declined, abolish the land of extraterritoriality The guardian daimyo has begun to appear.
Ieyasu Also moved to "abolish the land of extraterritoriality", but of course the side whose interests are infringed cannot be silent. Not only the anti-Ieyasu faction, but also the members of the Jodo Shinshu Honganji Temple (Ikko-shu), who are among the vassals, are on the Ikko-shu side, and the situation is close to internal conflict.
The anti-Ieyasu faction includes the generals who have been aiming for the Matsudaira sect since Ieyasu's grandfather era and Mr. Kira who has a close relationship with Imagawa, and it is understandable that these people will be on the Ikko sect side. However. .. .. It is said that nearly half of the Mikawa vassals, who later became evaluated as "faithful," turned to the disciples.
Although a temple that was not close to Honganji was on the side of Ieyasu, it would have been very difficult for Ieyasu (the vassals gradually became a board of loyalty and faith and left the rebellion). It seems that Mikawa Ikko-ikki was a tough battle that was reported as Ieyasu's three major crises.
After suffering, Ieyasu, who had the upper hand, managed to bring it to the consensus. At this time, it was his uncle Mizuno Nobumoto in Oda who came in between. It is called the conclusion of the Kiyosu alliance, and Mr. Nobumoto does a good job.
Eventually, I showed Tanuki's father's scale and made a peace like this,
If he refuses to convert, he is converging Mikawa Ikko-ikki in a way that destroys it.
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Ieyasu invades Imagawa territory and Totomi
After the battle of Azukizaka in Mikawa, his name was changed to "Ieyasu Tokugawa". It was in 1566, but since it has nothing to do with the flow, I will fold it. Instead, let's explain the situation where the relationship between the surrounding Sengoku daimyo is changing and the situation is likely to change at once.
First of all, the key to Ieyasu is the Kiyosu Alliance . ..
The alliance with Nobunaga is an indispensable relationship for Ieyasu to attack Imagawa.
Shingen Takeda in anticipation of this relationship between Ieyasu and Imagawa Was in contact with 1568.
Shingen is already Yoshimoto Imagawa From the time when he was alive, between Takeda-Imakawa-Hojo Koso Shun Trilateral Alliance Is building. At that time, Shingen was aiming for Shinano Heisei, and was in conflict with the formidable Uesugi located in the north of Shinano.
However, the large-scale battle of 1561 (the 4th Battle of Kawanakajima) gave Kita Shinano a stable rule. His father, Yoshimoto, was defeated in the battle between Okehazama in 1560. Change the foreign policy after seeing. Attack Imakawa Steer in the direction. Already in 1565, the Koo alliance was formed between Nobunaga and Shingen, and the alliance between Imakawa and Takeda seemed to have almost disappeared.
Takeda informed Hojo Ujiyasu and his father and son of the intention of invading Suruga and proposed the division of Imagawa, but Hojo refused. Ieyasu also talked about it and was approached to invade Totomi. Agreement to rule Suruga by Takeda and Totomi by Ieyasu Is tied.
The Shingen side has already completed the arrangement for Imakawa, and in no time it entered Sunpu. It was Hojo Ujiyasu who was furious at the humiliating situation of Mr. Hojo's daughter, who seemed to be in such a difficult situation that his true room escaped on foot when the castle was dropped by Takeda. He has already sent reinforcements to Imagawa at the request of Ujizane, but he not only sends reinforcements but also decides to break the alliance with Shingen.
One Ieyasu Is Shingen On the same day that he dropped Shunfu, he began to invade Totomi, but the Takeda army from Shinano came to Totomi and had to engage with Ieyasu. Is a delicate relationship. Ieyasu seeks to improve his relationship with Takeda, but he is suspicious and cannot return to his original state, so he decides to terminate the alliance.
Ieyasu began to explore cooperation with Uesugi and Hojo after the cracks in Tokugawa and Takeda. Hojo also got on the cooperation, so he succeeded in setting up a pinch. In addition, Takeda once retreated from Suruga due to the lack of troops (first invasion of Suruga).
While Ieyasu was drawn by the Takeda army, Ieyasu surrounded Imagawa Ujizane, who had been siege in Kakegawa Castle in Totomi, and reconciled with Imagawa through the mediation of Hojo.
In exchange for these conditions and the lives of his vassals, he succeeded in opening the castle without blood. Of course, Ieyasu never returned Suruga.
Imagawa Ujizane relied on Hojo Ujimasa to go to Izu and took control of Suruga and Totomi with his firstborn son. Imagawa ends here as a Sengoku daimyo.
In the first invasion of Suruga by Takeda, Ieyasu took over the Totomi part of the Imagawa territory, and Hojo ceded the Suruga. After this, the battle between Takeda and Hojo intensified, and in 1570 Shingen took control of Suruga.
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Nobunaga's siege and the crack between Mr. Takeda
At the end of 1571, when Hojo Ujiyasu died, Hojo and Takeda revived the Koso Alliance. This is because Uesugi is in a situation where both are hostile.
Taking this opportunity, Takeda completely secured the Suruga territory. Ujizane, whose life was targeted by the change in Hojo's policy, comes under the patronage of Ieyasu. For Ieyasu, protecting the former Totomi landlord supports the legitimacy of Totomi rule It became a thing.
Now, let's go back in time from Shingen's rule of Suruga. In 1567, Nobunaga Oda, who had formed an alliance with Ieyasu, succeeded in dedicating Shogun Yoshiaki Ashikaga, but gradually the relationship between Nobunaga who wanted to put the Shogun under control and the Shogun who hated it was terrible. It will become.
Shogun Yoshiaki, who wants to escape from that situation, secretly gathered the anti-Nobunaga forces. It is the so-called Nobunaga siege network.
In 1572, Takeda was firmly among the anti-Nobunaga forces. At this time, the Tokugawa-Takeda alliance was abandoned due to the invasion of Suruga, but the Oda-Takeda alliance was not abandoned. Just three years ago, Takeda broke the alliance's promise, despite the engagement between Nobunaga's firstborn and Shingen's daughter, and the intention to continue the alliance was confirmed.
It seems that even Shingen has some arguments such as "You guys put pressure on Takeda" or "Ieyasu will not do anything" because Ieyasu and Nobunaga formed an alliance with Uesugi and hoped for it, but they actually moved the army. It was Shingen who completely eliminated the alliance. He even makes Nobunaga say, "I will never join hands with Takeda."
In this way, Nobunaga was forced to confront many Sengoku daimyos who gathered under Yoshiaki, and Ieyasu also had to fight Takeda . It became.
Among the conflicts that began from such a background, Ieyasu had the most difficulty.
Battle of Mikatagahara is.
From the Battle of Mikatagahara (wikipeda)
It is said that there are 11,000 people including 3,000 reinforcements from Oda against the 30,000 Takeda army (the number is not clear, but there is no doubt that the Tokugawa army is inferior), and it was a battle with a large difference in strength from the beginning. Ieyasu resulted in a catastrophic defeat.
Among the many stories of Ieyasu, there is an anecdote that can't be helped, "Why did you tell such a story?" It is said that he made an unreasonable excuse, "Miso, not shit," when he was cornered too much by Takeda and ran away while leaking.
Ieyasu managed to survive the loss of many of his vassals, but the northern part of Totomi became Takeda territory.
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Shingen's death
Even after the painful defeat, the invasion by the Takeda army (Operation Nishigami) will not stop. However, when entering Mikawa, the Takeda army suddenly begins to make a mysterious move. After a while around Lake Hamana (after the year), invade Mikawa, or start attacking the castle in a time-consuming manner. Still, the Takeda army is the stone. The castle owner was detained by the Takeda army after dropping Noda Castle in Mikawa ...
Abandon the Noda Castle and retreat to Nagashino Castle (Mikawa Castle located northeast of Noda Castle), which was already under Takeda's control.
Ieyasu was suspicious of "Shingen's death" due to the sudden retreat without any warning, and invaded and set fire to Suruga Province and attacked Nagashino Castle. Since there is no counterattack that seems to be a counterattack, he is convinced of Shingen's death and regains Nagashino Castle. He expands the castle and prepares for Takeda's re-invasion.
In fact, Ieyasu's suspicion was a big hit, and Shingen Takeda died in April 1573.
Nobunaga is also Nobunaga and has doubts about Shingen's movement, so he turns to counterattack and drops one corner of the siege network, Rokkaku Yoshikata. Due to Shingen's death, Tokugawa and Oda of the Kiyosu Alliance escaped from the greatest threat, but this time Yoshiaki Ashikaga himself raised troops. Nobunaga expelled Yoshiaki Ashikaga in this turmoil, and 1573 Muromachi Shogunate was destroyed . To do.
With the chance that the Anti-Nobunaga Union was upset by the fall of the Muromachi Shogunate, Nobunaga wiped out the anti-Nobunaga forces in Kinai and stabilized the area.
* For Nobunaga around this time, the original purpose of the Kiyosu Alliance has been achieved and the alliance itself is no longer necessary, so the Kiyosu Alliance has become a full-fledged subordinate alliance.
Morale will rise if Nobunaga can afford and can expect reinforcements, and Ieyasu was able to prepare himself while the Takeda army was retreating. When Ieyasu and his colleagues are ready, will they invade further northeast of Nagashino Castle and finally invade the Takeda territory of Suruga? It is rewound to the position.
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Battle of Nagashino and the destruction of Takeda
Of course, not only was Katsuyori, the successor of Shingen, able to win, but he also went up and down repeatedly ... 1575 .. For Takeda, a battle to decide whether to advance or retreat will begin.
Battle of Nagashino is.
In the battle involving Nobunaga, it is famous for three shots with 3000 guns (currently, three shots are denied), but the reason for the start of the war was not Nobunaga's convenience but a strong aspect such as "in-law to Tokugawa". It seems that.
At first Ieyasu And Katsuyori Was one of the offensive and defensive battles. It is a slightly unusual battle in which 30,000 reinforcements from the alliance partner Nobunaga (the strength of the Tokugawa army is 8,000) jumped into the main force. By the way, the Takeda army had 15,000 people.
As a result, the Tokugawa and Oda troops who adopted many guns won the victory. Takeda was defeated in a catastrophe, and many of the chief vassals and commanders, including three of the chief vassals called Takeda Shitenno, Battle of Nagashino To death. The damage to the soldiers is not unusual, and it is said that 10,000 people were killed by Takeda. Due to the fact that it is difficult to gather people due to the death of multiple senior vassals (surrounded by mountains), Takeda was greatly upset by this great defeat and decided to start searching for new diplomatic relations.
Ieyasu is Battle of Nagashino Taking this opportunity, Mikawa was able to completely regain his real power and succeeded in robbing the important base of Totomi. He was able to gain an edge over Takeda.
Battle of Nagashino Even after the end, Oda, Uesugi, Hojo, Takeda, Kanto forces, and Yoshiaki Ashikaga, who were exiled, each had their own speculation, and the situation of restraining each other while forming an alliance or abandoning the alliance continued. I will continue.
Meanwhile, an event that seems to change the power relationship occurs. Kenshin Uesugi , who was called the war god in 1578. Died. Since he had no children, a battle for succession occurred in Echigo, and Kenshin's nephew, who had tied up with Takeda, defeated his son-in-law from Hojo, and the alliance was broken. Then, Ieyasu talked about the alliance from Hojo, so Ieyasu decided to join the alliance.
Takeda on the other hand. Nobunaga's son, Katsunaga, who began to seek peace with Nobunaga due to the deterioration of his relationship with Hojo, was returned, but he ignored this and in 1582, Nobunaga and Ieyasu made a total attack on Takeda territory. Katsuyori committed suicide in March of the same year, and Takeda, a major force during the Warring States period, was destroyed.
Ieyasu was given Suruga Province by this battle, and the other Takeda territories became Oda territories.
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