Life of Ieyasu Tokugawa [after the Honnoji Incident]

Nobunaga Oda Died sideways 1582 Hashiba (Toyotomi) Hideyoshi has been at the center of the administration since the Honnoji Incident. was. I will summarize how Ieyasu took control of the world after the Hashiba administration after the Honnoji Incident.

Reorganization of the world due to the Honnoji Incident [former Takeda Ryo]

Everyone thinks that Nobunaga's world will continue as it is, but in the early morning of June 2, 1582, Honnoji Incident Will occur. It is said that Akechi Mitsuhide's sole offender and Ashikaga Yoshiaki were in the mastermind, but it is not clear.

Ieyasu gathers troops to defeat the perpetrator Akechi Mitsuhide, but only after Hideyoshi, who was attacking Mori, returned from the Chugoku region and defeated Mitsuhide.

In the former Takeda territory (Shinano / Kai), which had just become a territory triggered by Nobunaga's death, a number of rebellions occurred, and Uesugi in Echigo and Hojo in Sagami are also asking for an opportunity to invade. It was the former Takeda vassal who had just ruled and had not yet formed an army, and was also leading the rebellion. Nobunaga's vassals are defeated or killed in action from Shinano and Kai, and it is extremely confusing.

Ieyasu attacks Kai and Hojo attacks Shinano when the former Takeda territory becomes a blank area (Tensho Yang Water Horse). In addition, the local forces of Uesugi and former Takeda vassals are involved, and the process itself becomes a little complicated.

* Ieyasu has informed Hideyoshi, who emerged within the Oda administration after the death of Nobunaga, that he would attack the blank area in advance by defeating Mitsuhide, and it is known that he was completely incorporated under the Oda regime.

Hojo confronts Uesugi on Kawanakajima in Shinano, but moves south because of peace. It is worthwhile to hit when you go south on Kawanakajima.

Is Hojo and Tokugawa finally confronting each other ...? At that point, Masayuki Sanada, a former Takeda vassal who had descended to Hojo, betrayed Hojo and cooperated with the Tokugawa army to develop a guerrilla warfare. Hojo, who has boiled down his business in this guerrilla warfare, decides to seek peace with Ieyasu.

The condition of peace is

Tokugawa occupies Kai and Shinano
Hojo occupies Ueno
Ieyasu's second daughter will marry Hojo Ujimasa's son, Ujinao

Nobunaga's second son, Nobunaga, acted as an intermediary. However, the territory of Masayuki Sanada, who was active enough to conclude this peace, is in Kozuke, and the situation becomes complicated.

Even if he tried to exchange Sanada's Numata territory in Ueno with Saku-gun in Shinano, which was controlled by Mr. Hojo, he refused, saying, "Because it is his own territory that he had before going down to Tokugawa." In the end, Masayuki Sanada went down to Ueda and developed into the Ueda battle, and it became a peaceful condition with some troublesome problems.

The last item, "Building a relationship with Mr. Hojo," means "Building a military alliance between Tokugawa and Hojo," which is a very large insurance policy for Ieyasu. This military alliance will come to life in the battle with Hideyoshi later, but let's omit it for the time being.

At this point, Ieyasu expanded his power until he ruled five countries:Kai, Shinano, Suruga, Totomi, and Mikawa.

Within the Oda administration after the change of Honnoji

Honnoji Incident Immediately afterwards, on June 27, a discussion about Post Nobunaga was held among the senior officials ( Kiyosu Conference . ).

While Hideyoshi recommended the 3-year-old Sanboshi (Hidenobu), the bereaved child of Nobunaga's eldest son, Nobutada, the Oda clan's chief retainer, Shibata Katsuie, supports Nobunaga's third son, Nobutaka. Hideyoshi insisted on the legitimacy, saying, "Nobunaga's second son and third son have already been adopted to a different house." "It is a problem to push the third son apart from the second son." Ieyasu was not involved in the battle for the successor of the Oda clan, but he seemed to think that "the second son, Nobuo, should succeed", which is different from Hideyoshi and Katsuie.

It is said that Hideyoshi had taken root before the meeting to Tsuneoki Ikeda and Nagahide Niwa who attended the Kiyosu conference, saying, "We will increase the distribution of the remains of Nobunaga and Mitsuhide." .. Hideyoshi and Katsuie Shibata became terrible at this opportunity, and it was Shizugatake in 1583 that caused a military clash. (Takeshi Shizuga) Battle is.

Hideyoshi, who defeated Katsuie in the Battle of Shizugatake, has many of Oda's former vassals. In addition, Mori, who had been neutral in the Chugoku region, approached Hideyoshi and became a vassal. On the other hand, Nobunaga's second son, Nobunaga, opposes Hideyoshi. He approaches Ieyasu and tries to create "Hideyoshi Siege Net" against Hideyoshi.

The battle in the Hideyoshi siege was the 1584 Battle of Komaki and Nagakute . is. It shows the appearance of a diplomatic battle that connects with each other's hostile forces after a local battle without a full-scale collision.

In the battle between Komaki and Nagakute, the battle itself ended with Hideyoshi's superiority (Hideyoshi's side lost a leading warlord) even though Hideyoshi's army had an overwhelming force (Hideyoshi 100,000 vs. Ieyasu 30,000). However, in terms of practical profits, Hideyoshi is better off.

Ieyasu lost the cause of attacking Hideyoshi due to the influence of Nobuo, who was the cause of the war, and reconciled with Hideyoshi, and the truce was suspended. At this point, Ieyasu has not actually reached peace with Hideyoshi. Furthermore, when Nobuo and Ieyasu had peace with Hideyoshi, the Shikoku forces who had participated in the Hideyoshi siege network became isolated, and Hideyoshi conquered Shikoku (1585).

Nobuo's territory ceded Iga and Isehan to Hideyoshi Ieyasu's second son, Hideyasu is adopted by Hideyoshi The curtain was closed in the form of.

It was two years after the battle between Komaki and Nagakute that Ieyasu made a full-scale reconciliation with Hideyoshi.

The Great Tensho Earthquake (January 18, 1586) is one of the reasons why each of them reached peace. Without this earthquake, Hideyoshi would have attacked Ieyasu and the Tokugawa family might have been destroyed.

By the way, Ieyasu has been hit by heavy rain disasters in addition to the earthquake.

Looking at the earthquake alone, Hideyoshi's damage was enormous, but Ieyasu seems to have been proceeding with peace with Hideyoshi because he was also suffering from the damage caused by this heavy rain.

By the way, Hideyoshi is trying to contact the imperial court before making peace with Ieyasu. He was given a rank (second rank, junior third rank, etc.) and progressed smoothly, and in July 1585, he was given the proclamation of Kampaku and built the Toyotomi administration.

Ieyasu becomes a vassal of Hideyoshi

Ieyasu was not a "Vassal of Hideyoshi" even with the above-mentioned flow, but in 1586, Hideyoshi contacted him through Nobukatsu Oda. That is, "Why don't you go up and say hello (interview) for Hideyoshi?"

Hideyoshi is said to be a "human being", and the flow to contact is flexible and good.

At first

Ieyasu seeks hostages (The adoption of Hideyoshi's second son also means hostage)

What was the policy was to present Hideyoshi's younger sister as a regular room and become a brother-in-law (May 1586), or send Hideyoshi's mother to visit Ieyasu's younger sister (October of the same year).・

Hideyoshi's relatives (Hostage) Send to Ieyasu

It changed to a policy and moved in the direction of softening Ieyasu.

* Hideyoshi steered in the direction of softening Ieyasu because the defeat in the battle between Komaki and Nagakute was completely effective. Hideyoshi also had a desire to speed up the suppression of western Japan. In fact, he started conquering Kyushu in August 1586.

Ieyasu decides to go to Joraku for Hideyoshi so far.

In addition to sending his family to Ieyasu as a hostage, it is said that Hideyoshi, who had already become Kampaku while he was on the verge of a press conference the next day, bowed to Ieyasu to thank him for his vassals. increase.

If Ieyasu can draw out the concessions so far, Ieyasu will be one of the best in the Hideyoshi administration, so there is no reason to decline.

At the next day's press conference, he thanked his vassals in front of many of Hideyoshi's vassals.

In this way, Hideyoshi came to be seen by other vassals as "to make that Ieyasu obey", and Ieyasu was also welcomed by Hideyoshi as a "special treatment warlord" who sent his relatives (hostages) with Ieyasu. You can see it now.

Ieyasu Tokugawa transferred to Edo in the Kanto region

After Ieyasu became Hideyoshi's vassal, he urged Kyojun from his relationship with Hojo, but he was rejected. However, Ieyasu couldn't just say "I couldn't mediate", so Ieyasu sent his third son, Chomaru (later Hidetada), as a hostage to Hideyoshi in order to show his obedience to Hideyoshi. I am sending it as.

This event meant a break with Mr. Hojo, and Hideyoshi started subduing Mr. Hojo. Known as the Siege of Odawara, Hideyoshi conquered Hojo in less than half a year.

Ieyasu was requisitioned by Hideyoshi from five countries, including Mikawa, which he had ruled until now, but was transferred to Kanto Hachishu instead. Since he had access to western Japan and the Kanto region, Hideyoshi's complete rule of Japan remains only in eastern Japan. Hideyoshi seems to have asked Ieyasu for a role similar to that of the Kanto region during the Muromachi period (stability of the Kanto region and restraint of the Tohoku region).

Hideyoshi strongly recommended Ieyasu to Edo Castle instead of being based in Odawara Castle, the home of the Hojo clan. Thus, in 1590, Ieyasu was based in Edo Castle, Musashi Province . It was decided to.

After the fall of the Hojo clan, Ieyasu participated in the suppression of the rebellion in Oshu in 1591. First Korean troop dispatch in 1592 (= The role of Bunroku ), But he does not participate and stays at Nagoya Castle. Other than that, there wasn't a big battle like before, and I was calm ...

What is the Hidetsugu incident that upset the Toyotomi administration?

In 1595, an incident occurred that greatly upset the Hideyoshi administration. Shuji Incident is.

The Hidetsugu case was a terrible case in which Hidetsugu, who was Hideyoshi's nephew and had been given the job of Kampaku, was harassed on suspicion of rebellion and eradicated Hidetsugu's clan (wife and children).

What is the cause of this incident? It is said that a boy, Hideyori, was born between Hideyoshi and his concubine Yodo-dono (daughter of Nagamasa Asai) two years before the Hidetsugu incident. Successor Conflict. Hideyoshi's boy, who was born so far, was a long-awaited firstborn.

It was one of the reasons why Hideyoshi was old and gorgeous, and I couldn't understand why he did this. In the first place, the suspicion of rebellion was so sudden that even people at that time couldn't believe it. It was a big story.

Even if Hideyori of his love breath is succeeded, Hideyori is the only adult male of the Toyotomi family who can entrust Hideyori as of 1595, and Hideyori has many children. In the unlikely event that Hideyori died, Hidetsugu and Hidetsugu's children were indispensable, so "Hideyoshi's theory" has been published.

After all, the truth is unknown, but Toyotomi's human beings who support Hideyori in the Hidetsugu incident disappeared at once . It is. Without this incident, Ieyasu wouldn't have had a chance to take power ... It left an influence later so that it was said.

Furthermore, it is said that the Toyotomi administration was so confused in this case that Ieyasu was able to move more and more into the central part of the administration and learn about the central system. Ieyasu's position also increased, and in 1596 Hideyoshi appointed him as Naidaijin.

Battle of Sekigahara after Hideyoshi's death

In 1597, Hideyoshi sent a second Korean troop (role of Keicho), but Ieyasu stayed in Japan again without going to the sea.

Meanwhile, Hideyoshi Toyotomi falls ill. Considering his posthumous life, in July 1598 he established the system of the Five Elders and Go-Bugyō and left a suicide note to the Five Elders saying, "I ask for Hideyori." And Hideyoshi died the next month.

Ieyasu, who had been appointed as the Minister of the Interior, is the top official in the imperial court and is placed in the position of the top five elders. He cooperated with the Council of Five Elders and Go-Bugyō to establish a collegial system, but there is a faction dispute inside and they are in a relationship of restraining each other.

Ieyasu, who was mainly in charge of military affairs, and Mitsunari Ishida, who was in charge of administration. The gap between the two gradually deepened, but Toshiie Maeda managed to take the role of coordinator.

That Maeda Toshiie passed away and broke out.

Battle of Sekigahara is.

Battle of Sekigahara Then, Ieyasu and Ieyasu fought separately, but Ieyasu was given a boost in about 6 hours.

Mitsunari Ishida and Yukinaga Konishi, who were at the center of the Western Army, were captured and beheaded in Kyoto. Other major Western military commanders were also forced to punish them for executions and exiles, as well as for reform (defeating their status and confiscating their homes and mansions) and reducing their salaries. Toyotomi Hideyori's salary has dropped significantly from 2.2 million stones to 600,000 stones in Settsu, Kawachi, and Izumi. On the other hand, it is added to the generals of the East Army. This post-war process took up to 1602.

In 1601, the Kampaku rank, which had been blank since the dismissal of Toyotomi Hidetsugu, will be replaced by the traditional regent and five regents. The imperial court is gradually returning to the normal system.

Ieyasu Tokugawa becomes a eager general and opens the Edo Shogunate

Ieyasu Tokugawa, who wiped out the opposition in the Battle of Sekigahara, requested the imperial court to assume the position of Shogun in order to establish control over the whole country, and took office in 1603.

It is said that the reason why he became the highest rank of the samurai government, Shogun, was that he wanted to quickly establish an independent daimyo rule system because he was aware of Toyotomi Hideyori in Osaka Castle.

However, two years later, he resigned from the position of Shogun General, and had the imperial court condemn his firstborn son Hidetada. He showed to the world under the shogunate that "the shogun family will be hereditary by Tokugawa."

After 1607, he moved to Sunpu Castle and remained in control of the real power of Ogosho . (Honorific title of the former general who retired) Politics to hold.

Mr. Lee restores diplomatic relations with Korea (1607)
Trade with the Netherlands (1609)
Fuseki of the Three Family System (1611)
Trade with the United Kingdom (1613)
Kinchu narabini Kuge Shohatto (1615)
Buke Shohatto (1615)
Law of One Castle (1615)

We laid the foundations of the Edo period one after another.

Siege of Osaka Winter / Summer

On the other hand, the existence of Toyotomi Hideyori has been anxious for a long time. This is because Hidetada, his firstborn son, is the minister of the interior, while Hideyori is the minister of the right and Hideyori's position (when Hidetada was proclaimed a shogun). This is because he was in a slightly special position even though he became a daimyo with a large salary reduction after Sekigahara.

Not only that, the Tokugawa family also had dissatisfied molecules inside. In addition to the disagreement between Shogun Hidetada and his younger brother, Tadateru Matsudaira, the existence of Date Masamune, who has an ambition that cannot be abandoned. Conflict between making Hidetada's successor Iemitsu or Tadanaga ...

Date Masamune was also Tadateru's father-in-law, and it was obvious that if Hideyori and they colluded with each other, it would pose a great threat.

At the same time, Ieyasu decides to associate Hideyori with the fact that Toyotomi has become isolated due to the deaths of influential vassals who have served Toyotomi for a long time.

The reason for this is that the inscription on the bell at the Great Buddha Hall of Hokoji Temple in Kyoto, which was destroyed by the earthquake and fire rebuilt by Yodo-kun and Hideyori, is " National Yasushi . "Ieyasu's name is divided and he is trying to curse him," he said.

Of course, Hideyori said, "I haven't done that," but Ieyasu, who was the planned criminal, didn't listen. Furthermore, in 1614, the first attack on Osaka (= Osaka Winter Team ) because Hideyori did not respond to the difficult task of "OK if you hand over Osaka Castle". ) Will be carried out.

Ieyasu's army is 200,000, while Hideyori's army is 100,000. In addition, Toyotomi, who has few general commanders, was in a very disadvantageous state. That's where the siege battle went. It was difficult to drop the robust Osaka Castle, and the Ieyasu army, which had twice as many troops, came to peace. The condition of this peace was "to fill the outer moat of Osaka Castle".

Osaka Winter Team After that, Ieyasu once again gave him the difficult task of "choose whether Hideyori left Osaka Castle and went to a different country or expelled the ronin in the hall." And the moderates were in a state of conflict.

Under such circumstances, the main warriors who are aware that the peace condition "filling the outer moat" in the winter team of Osaka is the key to Osaka Castle and are fatal will act to "dig up the inner moat". For Ieyasu, who is trying to attack with unreasonableness, this action was a great excuse to attack.

In 1615, Osaka Summer Team However, as long as Osaka Castle is completely naked, the only remaining means is the smashing battle. The Hideyori army had an overwhelming force difference of only 50,000 compared to the Ieyasu army of 150,000.

Even so, there were some who struggled with the gap unique to the large army, but before the onslaught of the Tokugawa army, Hideyori suicided with his mother Yodo, and Toyotomi finally perished. In this way, there are no more hostile forces that threaten Tokugawa.

Even after the summer camp was over, Ieyasu energetically laid the foundation for the world, but Ieyasu is also quite old. He fell to bed on January 21, 1616, when he went to falconry.

He was appointed Minister of Government in March and died as if he was relieved after completing the unification project and establishing a control system. He was 75 years old and was on April 17, 1616.

As a Sengoku daimyo, he had a longevity comparable to that of Hojo Soun, who was 88 years old, and Motonari, who was 75 years old. It is famous that Ieyasu worked as a recuperator and was careful about his health, but he must have been unified because he was healthy and had a long life.

His body was buried in Kunozan, Sunpu, and a mausoleum was built and enshrined in Nikko after the first anniversary.