Within the territory governed by the Sengoku daimyo, there were port towns, castle towns, and gate towns protected by leading temples and shrines.
In the castle town, the warring lords lived with vassals, craftsmen, and merchants. Hokuriku Daimyo Asakura Ichijodani Was one of Japan's leading castle towns, with samurai residences and townhouses systematically maintained over a distance of about 2 kilometers from north to south. As a result, public houses and other facilities moved from the abandoned Kyo, and the Kyo-style culture was in full bloom.
1567 The 15th Shogun, Yoshiaki Ashikaga He was also with him before his general inauguration. Like Sakai, the port town developed through Nanban trade, became a moat city, and operated autonomously.
In the town of Monzen, the common people worshiped in-house, and Hatagoya and shops gathered to develop. [ Ujiyamada of Ise Jingu ] Itsukushima Shrine [ Miyajima ] Zenkoji is [ Nagano ] Etc. have evolved.
Strategic key base
Economic power was indispensable for maintaining the military power of the Sengoku daimyo.
To that end, it brings enormous wealth [ port ] And [ Kanayama and Ginzan ] The most important issue was to control a certain base.
The port at that time was Japan's largest distribution base [ Sakai ], Kuwana in Ise Bay, which was held by Nobuhide Oda of Owari, is famous.
Sakai at that time was bronze coins, raw silk, and ceramics due to the Nanban trade. I was making huge profits by importing such things. In addition, swordsmiths and gunsmiths developed, and it was a production center for guns. It was [ Oda Nobunaga that I understood the importance of this city of Sakai and tried to suppress it first. 】was.
Nobunaga was appointed by the shogun to the jurisdiction of the five Kinai countries when he devoted himself to Yoshiaki Ashikaga, but refused to do so and instead [ Sakai at sea. ] And the key points of Lake Biwa [ Otsu ] Was desired.
Also, Kai's Takeda Shingen Focused on the development of gold mines, developed gold mines such as Kai Kurokawa, Nakayama, and Yasumura, and made gold coins called Koshu gold.
Governance of the territory by the Sengoku daimyo
The Sengoku daimyo maintained the castle and castle town, built a samurai residence for vassals to live in, and placed a townhouse where merchants and craftsmen lived outside. In addition, the temples and shrines were put together in one place, and a temple town where monks lived was also created.
Outside the town, farmers lived and cultivated the fields.
Towns and borders were not clearly defined, and rivers and mountains were the landmarks. Farmers living near the border paid half an annual tribute to both neighboring countries, called half-healing.
The territory governed by the Sengoku daimyo is one country, and some daimyo families have their own laws to strengthen their control [ Bunkokuho . ] Was established to avoid people's conflict.
People in the territory and castle town
Generally, people living in the territory ...
- Peasants ... They are farming around the castle, and sometimes they go out as soldiers during battles.
- Merchant ... A business was held at a Machiya store for people living in a castle town.
- Craftsmen ... The craftsmen of swordsmiths and Ishigaki craftsmen were actively protected and under the castle.
- Monks ... Temples were gathered in one place in the town, and the monks lived there as well.
- Kokujin ... The lords who have had power in the area for a long time.
- Jizamurai ... Among the farmers, those with a particularly high status had a master-slave relationship with the national people.
- Christians ... There were many believers in areas where Christianity was flourishing.
Castle [Honmaru]
The castle, which is a symbol of the lord's power, has a military facility side, and a turret and a castle tower were erected as defense facilities. In some cases, the lord's living space was set up in the Honmaru situation, but in other cases, the Ninomaru was built and people lived there normally.
Samurai residence
In the mansion where the vassals lived on the outside of the castle and inside the castle, it was surrounded by fences and moats to enhance its defense.
Teramachi
Outside the castle and samurai residence, temples and their ancillary facilities were gathered and monks lived there. Stone walls, fences, moats, etc. were also constructed and functioned as a facility to stop the invasion from foreign enemies. It is said that that Honnoji was also a military facility called a temple.
Machiya
It was placed outside the castle, samurai residence, and temple town, and lived in groups for each occupation such as merchants and craftsmen, and towns such as Kuremonocho, oil shop, carpenter town, and blacksmith town were formed. A group of peers selling this same product is [ seat ] Was called.
Za and Rakuichi Rakuza
The seat is what we now call [ commercial and industrial union . ], I paid money to the imperial court, aristocrats, and temples, and got a monopoly on business in that area. As the type of seat, oil, rice, imported goods, indigo dyeing There were various materials such as.
In the Warring States period, when the daimyo created a castle town, he protected the seat and tried to earn tax revenue.
In addition, regular markets are held on fixed days every month, and it is called Rokusai City because it is held 6 times every 5 days, 1st, 6th, 11th, 16th, 21st, and 26th. , Sengoku daimyo tried to increase sales by doing it in a castle town under the direct control.
Rakuichi Rakuza
1567 Nobunaga Oda destroyed Mr. Saito and changed the land of Mt. Inaba to [Gifu] and made it a residence. He issued a Rakuichi Ordinance to the castle town of Gifu, placed the city under the control of Nobunaga, who had been under the jurisdiction of the imperial court and aristocrats and temples, abolished the exclusive right of the seat and the market tax, and set the threshold for new entrants. I lowered it.
- Za… A gathering of specific merchants The market does not expand, and payments and taxes are paid to temples and shrines
- Rakuza ... Anyone can do business there and the market expands. No money will be entered into the imperial court or temples, taxes will be exempted, and membership fees will be sent to Nobunaga Oda ...
Sengoku daimyo's income source
The Sengoku daimyo secured their income in various ways in order to obtain the rewards of their vassals and the funds for war expenses and public works.
Trade income
Famous for trade, Ming trade And Nanban Trade The Ashikaga clan of the Muromachi Shogunate was doing fitting trade with Ming dynasty. So, a travel certificate called kanhe It got its name because it was used.
From Ming dynasty, bronze coins and silk fabrics Was imported and became a major financial resource for the shogunate. Mr. Ouchi of Suo and Mr. Hosokawa of the Kanrei took on the role of sending the Kanrei ship to Ming dynasty.
On the other hand, Nanban trade was a trade that was carried out with Portuguese merchants, and was actively carried out by various daimyo of Kyushu and Mr. Shimazu of Satsuma. Nobunaga Oda and Hideyoshi Toyotomi were also focusing on Nanban trade. When Spain pioneered the Pacific route, Ieyasu Tokugawa, based in Manila, is focusing on trade with Spain.
Mine development
Daimyo, which has gold and silver mine in its territory, actively promoted its development.
Kai's Takeda Is famous, Kurokawa gold mine, Tamba gold mine, Yunooku gold mine Was developed, and a craftsman called Kanayama Shu was dispatched to mine. Mr. Uesugi of Echigo developed the Narumi Gold Mine, and according to the record of 1598, 60% of the gold in the whole country was excavated from the Narumi Gold Mine.
Sekisen
We set up a checkpoint and charged tolls for horses, luggage, and ships passing through it.
It was installed to ensure the safety of traffic, and at the beginning of operation, the tax rate was about 1% of the luggage price. Since then, it has been diversified and is called Tsuryo, Yamate, etc. depending on the place of passage, and the purpose of collection has also diversified.
However, Nobunaga Oda and Hideyoshi Toyotomi are said to have a negative effect on business. Has abolished the Sekisho and the income from the customs has disappeared.
Income from battle
The battle costs money, but it seems that the reward was great when you won.
The main income from the battle is buying and selling of plunder and trafficking . was.
[ Disturbance ] of soldiers plundering people and things after the war ], And there was a section where the farmers participated in the war for the purpose of this disorder. I wonder how the turbulence is humane, but it is said that the daimyo himself allowed it as a reward, and the daimyo family took the initiative.
If this turbulent loot was for women and children, it was trafficked.
The market price ranges from 2 to 25 sentences, and the price dropped when the supply was high. The battle between Shimazu and Otomo [ Battle of Mimigawa ], It is said that a large number of hostages were taken like a flock of sheep and carried to the complaint.
Thanks
Originally, the gratitude was a congratulatory money donated by the guardian daimyo and temples to the Muromachi Shogunate, but in the Warring States period, merchants and territories paid the gratitude to have the warring lords recognize various rights.
It is said that Sakai merchants paid 2000 pieces a year to the Murakami Suigun to do business safely in the Seto Inland Sea.
Monetary economy during the Warring States period
During the Warring States period, the monetary economy progressed, and Ming copper coins were imported and used.
The currencies are also ranked several times and seem to have different values.
Yongle Tongbao
It was a bronze coin that was cast from the time of the third emperor of the Ming dynasty, Yongle Emperor, and was imported in large quantities by the Muromachi period. Even during the Warring States period, [ Yongle Tongbao ] was used as the main currency. ] Was called.
Bitasen [Bitasen]
It refers to inferior coins that are forged by individuals or coins that have been used for many years and whose surface has been scraped.
Privately forged coins [ Shichusen ], And these coins are less valuable than good quality coins, and if things are too bad, they are rejected. By the way, good quality money is called [money].
Kyosen
The quality was worse than that of bitasen, and it seems that no patterns or letters were drawn.
In 1569, at the behest of Nobunaga Oda, Kyosen became a generally accepted currency by setting an exchange standard of 1/10 of the coins.
erizeni [Erizeni]
Sorting money into bad and good quality I say to do.
In this era of commercial development, the shortage of money became more serious, and the circulation of private coins and bitasens increased, and merchants began to keep only the coins by making money. However, the shogunate and daimyo tried to ban it by issuing a erizenirei because it would hinder smooth transactions.
Koshu Kim
A gold coin made by Mr. Takeda's special manufacturing method, 1 car =4 minutes =16 vermilion =64 threads The value was set. The purity of this gold coin is about 80%.
Tensho Oval
It was a gold coin that Toyotomi Hideyoshi ordered a goldsmith to make, and was used by Hideyoshi as a gift for his vassals and for the chiefs of military supplies and military supplies. 1588-1592 It was cast over.
In this way, the Sengoku daimyo managed the territory with various ingenuity in order to survive the turbulent battle. Each policy feels independent, but it's all connected to strengthen the country and survive.