It's a long time ago, but the late Munenori Akagi and the late Shohei Ooka talked about Taira no Masakado in a program called "Exploring Japanese History" broadcast on NHK in 1970. I was able to get a book that summarizes the content of this dialogue.
Mr. Akagi studied Taira no Masakado, and Mr. Ooka is a translator and researcher of French literature, and a critic and a period novel. The subject matter is wide-ranging, but it seems that there were many stories from the losing side, such as "Reite Senki".
The dialogue between Taira no Masakado by these two people was very interesting. The losing side is usually written badly. Dialogues are being held with such circumstances in mind.
Of course, nowadays, there are interpretations and theories that are different from the research at that time, but I would like to explore the turbulence of Taira no Masakado from the standpoint of the loser as described in this "Exploration of Japanese History". ..
Taira no Masakado Ran
The Taira no Masakado turbulence is a civil war that occurred in the entire Kanto region in the middle of the Heian period. In 939, after occupying the Kokufu of Hitachi, Shimosa, and Ueno and honoring the new emperor, the rebellion ended after being defeated by Taira no Sadamori and Fujiwara no Hidesato.
The parents and relatives of Masakado have been assigned to Hitachi, Shimosa, and Kazusa in the Kanto region as the secretary of the national government.
It is said that it was the beginning of the fact that the territory built by Masakado's father, Yoshimasa, was divided among Masakado's uncles such as Kunika and Yoshikane. Details will be described later).
There are other theories, so let's look at those other theories later, first to see what characters were there and how things happened.
By the way, Masakado's mother is Agata no Inukai no Harue no Musume, and looking at the family tree, he is in a position where it is safe to disregard his share of his remains after Yoshimasa's death. You can see that.
Abbreviated chronology (corrected to the current chronology)
| year | Events |
|---|---|
| 903 years | Mutsu Chinjufu Shogun Shimousa, Taira no Yoshimasa Masakado as a child of Is born. Losing his father at an early age? (← This is not clear) |
| 918 years | At the age of 16, he went up to Kyoto and left Minister Fujiwara no Tadahira Serve |
| 930 years | Return home at the age of 28 |
| 931 | Taira no Yoshikane by "woman theory" (The father of a woman who later became Masakado's room) The relationship between Masakado and Masakado deteriorated |
| February 935 | 33 years old, uncle Hira Kunika (=good hope) in Hitachi, fighting with Gengo, Kunika burned to death .. Gengo's sons were murdered. |
| October of the same year | Son-in-law of Gengo Taira Tadashi (Masakado is his nephew) Masakado Breaks |
| 937 | 35 years old, moved to Tokyo and stated the circumstances. He is forgiven for the battle. However, Ryokane (He succeeded Kazusa Hirotsune and served as Sosuke Kazusa. The head of the clan at that time) attacked him and routed. |
| September of the same year | Ryokane Break |
| December of the same year | Ryokane , Taira no Sadamori They accidentally attacked the government-owned ranch (=state-owned ranch) and Tokiha no Miya, owned by the imperial court. Ryokane et al. who bought the wrath of the imperial court Will be done. |
| 938 | At the age of 36, Kunika's child, Taira no Sadamori break. Sadamori Goes to Tokyo and appeals to Masakado's rebellion. At this time, Masakado Did not respond to the convocation of the imperial court. |
| June 939 | Taira no Yoshikane Died of illness |
| Same year | 37 years old, Koseiou in Musashi Province (part of Tokyo, Saitama, Kanagawa) And Minamoto no Tsunemoto Is assigned. Musashi no Takeshiba who was the gunji of Musashi no Kuni And King Kosei ・ Minamoto no Tsunemoto Conflict with ⇒ Takeshiba Is Taira no Masakado Request mediation. King Kosei And Takeshiba Reconciles, but Tsunemoto Is a rout. ⇒ Keiki Masakado / Koseiou / Musashi in the imperial court after the rout Although he declared that he was trying to cause a rebellion, he dismissed the complaint. |
| Same year | Although he managed farmland, he did not pay taxes and resisted Hitachisuke Genmei Fujiwara To defeat Hitachi Kokufu ( Taira no Sadamori ) Is it a plan? ?? ) In the letter to Chuhei, Tamenori, a child of Hitachisuke and Iku, puts on the public prestige and oppresses Genmei. It seems that it was written that Tamenori colluded with Taira no Sadamori to gather soldiers and challenged when he went to Hitachi Kokufu to confirm the situation because there was a complaint of Genmei. =Because the army was directed to the national government and defeated, it became a form that rebelled against the imperial court ⇒ King Kosei In the end, Shimono and Ueno Kokufu also surrendered and ruled the entire Kanto region, to call the new emperor . ..
Cause of the rebellionThere are two main reasons why a crack ran in his relationship with his own relatives, despite his last-minute career, which seems to be full of devotion. increase. One is "Women's Theory" in 931. It is said that Taira no Yoshikane opposed the marriage of his own daughter to Masakado. The other is the battle over the inheritance of Masakado's father, Yoshimasa. When Masakado returned from Kyo, all the good parts of Masakado's heritage were taken by his uncles, and Masakado had to seek settlement in the Kinugawa retarding basin ... where floods still occur frequently. Sadamori, the child of Kunika who finally defeated Masakado, was initially aiming for peace with Masakado because of the circumstances and because Sadamori was serving in the center. It seems that his father thought that he was involved in the battle between Gengo and Masakado because he was burned to death. At first, Yoshikane wasn't actively acting, but when Yoshimasa was defeated and asked for cooperation, he couldn't leave Masakado as the head of the clan. With this persuasion of Yoshikane, it seems that Sadamori has become involved in the dispute with Masakado. With the above explanation alone, the troubles within Mr. Taira can be seen, but it is not possible to see why even Gengo (Mamoru Minamoto) was involved in the dispute. As I wrote in the family tree earlier, Gengo's daughters are married to Taira no Yoshikane and Taira no Yoshikane, and they are connected by a relationship. It is believed that Gengo had a vast private rice field at the western foot of Mt. Tsukuba, Hitachi Province, but he was in a territorial dispute with Masaki Taira, who was in contact with the territory. Kunika and Yoshimasa, who originally had no ground in Hitachi Province, will actively cooperate with the Gengo side because of their relatives. Due to these circumstances, Gengo was in conflict with Masakado.
On the other hand, Taira no Masakado's daughter is married to Taira no Masakado (Ryokane's daughter is also married to Taira no Masakado's wife). If Taira no Masakado was defeated by Gengo, the territory of Masakado would be in jeopardy, so Taira no Masakado accepts Taira no Masakado's request to mediate the conflict with Gengo. From here, a dispute within the clan with Gengo, Hirakunika, and Ryokane began. In both cases, the main force is a force called "accompaniment" made by a family unit of half-farming and half-soldiers. At that time, living in the eastern country was inferior to that of Kyoto, and living conditions were also poor. Under such circumstances, Masakado was able to obtain the cooperation of their companions, partly because he could no longer expect the existing forces such as Kunika and Yoshikane. Masakado himself was excellent in the horse fight, but there were also strong people who returned from the conquest of Ezo among the companions, so the battle was not until the imperial court came out. It was advanced to the advantage. It seems that a kind of military organization was established toward the end of the Masakado turbulence.
In the dialogue between Mr. Ooka and Mr. Akagi, if you do not develop military power, you will not be able to win the conflict with your family, but if you increase your military power too much, you will not be able to develop it unless you expand your control to maintain it. That led to the attack on the national government. After that, he said that he might have been defeated because his companions were frightened by the fact that he eventually invaded the highest power of the country and the regular army from Kyoto came. After that, it continued to remain as many anecdotes and legends, partly because it spoke for those who did not give in to power and were not accepted by the world. In Edo, he was worshiped as a hero who did not give in to authority. In addition, due to a series of natural disasters around the tomb where Masakado was buried, it was decided to be enshrined by Kanda Myojin in 1309. It is said that this Kanda Myojin was relocated to the place corresponding to the demon gate when viewed from Edo Castle when the Edo Shogunate was opened. It is said that this shows the determination that the imperial court will not be involved in the politics of the shogunate.
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