2. Political power: Egypt saw Nubia as a threat to its regional power and influence in the Nile region.
3. Territorial expansion: Egypt wanted to expand its territory and secure its southern border, which brought it into conflict with Nubia.
4. Cultural and religious differences: Egypt and Nubia had different cultural and religious traditions, which led to tensions and conflicts between the two civilizations.
5. Control of trade routes: Nubia controlled important trade routes along the Nile River, which Egypt wanted to secure for its own trade and commerce.