Religious Reformer: John Knox was a leading figure in the Scottish Reformation. He was a prominent Protestant preacher and theologian who strongly advocated for the adoption of Calvinist doctrines and the rejection of Catholicism in Scotland.
Return to Scotland: After spending time in various European countries, including England and France, Knox returned to Scotland in 1559, at a time when religious and political unrest was brewing.
Sermons and Publications: Knox's powerful sermons and writings played a crucial role in shaping religious beliefs and influencing public opinion. His notable work, "The First Blast of the Trumpet against the Monstrous Regiment of Women" (1558), criticized female rule, particularly that of Queen Mary I of England.
Support for Mary Stuart's Abdication: Knox supported the abdication of Queen Mary, Queen of Scots, who was a Catholic monarch, due to her adherence to Catholicism and perceived political offenses.
Influence on the Scottish Reformation Parliament: Knox's influence was instrumental in the convening of the Scottish Reformation Parliament in 1560. This parliament officially adopted Calvinism as the national religion and abolished papal jurisdiction in Scotland.
The Scottish Confession of Faith: Knox is believed to have had a significant role in drafting the "Scottish Confession of Faith" (1560), a crucial document that summarized the religious beliefs of the Scottish Reformers.
The Book of Discipline: Knox also contributed to the development of "The Book of Discipline" (1561), which outlined the organizational structure, governance, and responsibilities of the Church of Scotland, emphasizing presbyterian church polity.
Conflict with Mary, Queen of Scots: Knox frequently engaged in disputes and public debates with Mary, Queen of Scots, regarding religious doctrines and her Catholic beliefs.
Death: John Knox passed away in Edinburgh, Scotland, on November 24, 1572. He was considered one of the most influential figures in shaping Scottish religious and ecclesiastical history. His legacy in Scotland remains vital, and he is often honored as a national hero.