- The Crusades (1095-1291): A series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims for control of the Holy Land.
- The Thirty Years' War (1618-1648): A conflict between Protestant and Catholic states in Europe that was partly motivated by religious differences.
- The Wars of Religion in France (1562-1598): A series of civil wars between Catholics and Protestants in France.
- The English Civil War (1642-1651): A conflict between Parliamentarians and Royalists in England that was partly motivated by religious differences.
- The Indian Rebellion of 1857: A conflict between British colonial forces and Indian sepoys (soldiers) that was partly motivated by religious differences.
- The Nigerian Civil War (1967-1970): A conflict between the Nigerian government and the secessionist state of Biafra that was partly motivated by religious differences.
- The Yugoslav Wars (1991-2001): A series of conflicts in the former Yugoslavia that were partly motivated by religious differences.
- The Syrian Civil War (2011-present): A conflict between the Syrian government and various rebel groups that is partly motivated by religious differences.