- Logistical Challenges: Arnold's army was ill-equipped and lacked basic supplies. The troops faced a shortage of food, ammunition, and clothing. The harsh winter weather further exacerbated their difficulties.
- Transportation Issues: The army struggled with transportation due to the lack of horses and wagons. This made it challenging to move troops, supplies, and equipment through the rugged terrain.
- Disease: Diseases like smallpox and dysentery spread rapidly through the army, weakening the troops and reducing their fighting capabilities. Many soldiers fell ill, and some even died from these diseases.
- Low Morale: The combination of logistical challenges, harsh conditions, and disease led to low morale among the soldiers. Many were exhausted, discouraged, and questioning their chances of success.
- Poor Leadership: Arnold's leadership was often criticized for being erratic and impulsive. He made some controversial decisions, and some of his subordinates, including Benedict Arnold, questioned his competence and authority.
- Lack of Support: Arnold's army lacked the necessary support from the Continental Congress and other states. They didn't receive adequate reinforcements or financial resources to effectively carry out their mission.