* A reformist movement within the Ottoman Empire that emerged in the mid-19th century.
* Inspired by Western ideas of liberalism, nationalism, and constitutionalism.
* Sought to modernize the Ottoman Empire and make it more responsive to the needs of its citizens.
Turcs:
* A term that refers to the ethnic Turkish population of the Ottoman Empire and the modern Turkish Republic.
* Not necessarily associated with any particular political ideology or movement.
* Can include people who hold a variety of political views, from conservative to liberal to radical.