- A complex web of alliances and rivalries among European countries meant that when one country went to war, its allies were often drawn in as well. This created a domino effect, leading to the involvement of many nations.
Nationalism and Imperialism:
- Nationalistic sentiments were on the rise in Europe during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Countries sought to expand their territories and assert their power and prestige, leading to increased tensions and conflicts.
Industrialization and Militarization:
- The Industrial Revolution brought about significant advancements in military technology and production capabilities. Nations competed to build up their arsenals and armed forces, creating an arms race and escalating tensions.
Failed Diplomacy and Ultimatums:
- Diplomatic efforts to resolve disputes between nations were often unsuccessful, leading to the issuance of ultimatums and the breakdown of negotiations. The failure of diplomacy contributed to the outbreak of war.
Serbia-Austria Tensions and the Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand:
- The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, on July 28, 1914, served as the immediate trigger for World War I. The event sparked a chain reaction, with alliances being invoked and tensions escalating.
Domino Effect and Global Spread:
- The initial conflict between Austria-Hungary and Serbia quickly drew in other European powers. Russia mobilized its army in support of Serbia, prompting Germany to declare war on Russia and France, Russia's ally. The war subsequently spread to involve countries across Europe and eventually drew in nations from other continents, including the Middle East, Africa, and Asia.