Loss of Normandy:
In 1204, King John of England lost the Duchy of Normandy to King Philip II Augustus of France. This was a significant loss for the English crown as it marked the end of the Angevin Empire and greatly diminished England's territories on the continent.
Magna Carta:
In 1215, a group of powerful English barons rebelled against King John's oppressive rule and forced him to sign the Magna Carta, one of the most important legal documents in English history. The Magna Carta established the concept of due process and limited the powers of the monarchy.
First Barons' War:
The signing of the Magna Carta did not immediately resolve tensions between King John and the barons. In 1215, the First Barons' War erupted as the barons sought to enforce the provisions of the Magna Carta and further curb the power of the king. The war lasted until John's death in 1216.
Henry III's Reign:
Following King John's death, his young son Henry III ascended to the throne. Henry's reign was marked by continued conflicts with the barons, as well as unsuccessful attempts to regain control of Normandy and other lost territories.
Reissuing of the Magna Carta:
In 1225, Henry III reissued the Magna Carta, confirming the rights and privileges it established. This helped stabilize the kingdom and brought a temporary end to the power struggle between the crown and the barons.