* Peasants: After the abolition of serfdom, many serfs remained in the countryside, where they worked as peasants on their former masters' estates. However, they were now free to move and had more rights and privileges than they did under serfdom.
* Urban workers: Some serfs moved to the cities in search of work. They found jobs in factories, mills, and other industries, as well as in the service sector.
* Soldiers: Some serfs joined the military, where they could earn a living and gain social status.
* Entrepreneurs: A small number of serfs were able to start their own businesses and become successful entrepreneurs.