The Great Depression of the 1930s hit the Philippines hard, and Quezon's administration was unable to effectively address the economic problems of the country. The economy stagnated, unemployment rose, and poverty increased.
2. Suppression of civil liberties.
In an effort to maintain order during the difficult economic times, Quezon's administration suppressed civil liberties. This included the use of martial law, the arrest of political opponents, and the suppression of the press.
3. Inadequate land reform.
Quezon's administration failed to address the problem of land inequality in the Philippines. The majority of the land was owned by a small number of wealthy individuals, while the majority of the population was landless. This led to widespread poverty and social unrest.
4. Failure to prepare for war.
Despite the growing threat of war in the Asia-Pacific region, Quezon's administration failed to adequately prepare the Philippines for the outbreak of World War II. This led to the rapid defeat of the Philippines by the Japanese in 1942.
5. Collaboration with the Japanese.
After the defeat of the Philippines by the Japanese, Quezon's administration collaborated with the Japanese occupation government. This collaboration was unpopular among the Filipino people and damaged Quezon's reputation.