Key characteristics of line authority include:
1. Unity of Command: Each employee has one and only one direct supervisor. This avoids conflicts and confusion arising from multiple reporting relationships.
2. Span of Control: The number of subordinates directly reporting to a supervisor is referred to as the span of control. It defines the number of employees that a manager can effectively supervise.
3. Scalar Chain: Line authority follows a clear chain of command from the highest level to the lowest level in an organisation. Information and decisions flow along this chain, maintaining the hierarchy.
4. Responsibility and Accountability: Each manager or supervisor is responsible for the performance and results of their subordinates and must account for their decisions and actions.
5. Delegation of Authority: Managers at higher levels can delegate a portion of their authority to subordinates to accomplish tasks efficiently. However, the responsibility remains with the delegator.
Line authority is effective in organisations where there is a clear structure and standard operating procedures. It provides a well-defined chain of command, establishes clear lines of accountability, and ensures that decisions and information flow smoothly within the organisation.
Examples of line authority can be seen in military organisations, government departments, and traditional corporate structures where responsibilities are clearly defined, and reporting relationships are unambiguous.