Question 01 - PUCRS 2004.1 - Among the social, economic, political and cultural transformations that took place in Western Europe during the Late Middle Ages (11th to 14th centuries) it is NOT correct to cite A) the development of commercial capitalism. B) the progressive dissolution of servile work. C) the emergence of an anthropocentric worldview.D) the beginning of the centralization of power in the figure of the king.E) the continuous decrease in the economic importance of cities.
Question 02 - UFPR 2014 - Pope Francis, elected in March 2013, called attention again to the figure of Francis of Assisi, considered the founder of the Order of Franciscans (or Friars Minor) in the Late Middle Ages. Mark the alternative that relates the context of the emergence of the Franciscans and their motivation for action. a) With the retraction of the commercial and urban renaissance, poverty and the abandonment of children increased, who were taken in by the Mendicant Orders, among them the Franciscans, to avoid being recruited in the Crusades. b) With the commercial and urban renaissance, poverty and social inequalities deepened, giving rise to the emergence of several Mendicant Orders, which intended to work with the needy, among them the Franciscan Order. c) The commercial and urban renaissance generated an impoverishment of the Catholic Church in the Low Middle Ages, giving rise to the appearance of the Mendicant Orders, among them the Franciscans. d) With the commercial and urban renaissance, the Mendicant Orders appeared, among them the Franciscans, which constituted a force to contest the feudal order and the economic power of the Church. e) With the growing ruralization and the increase of poverty in the European space, the Mendicant Orders emerged, such as the Franciscans, to become the main instance of the Catholic Church.

Question 03 - FUVEST 1999 - 1st Phase - Plague, famine and war constituted the most visible and terrible elements of what is known as the crisis of the 14th century. As a consequence of this crisis, which occurred in the Late Middle Ages,
a) the movement to reform Christianity was interrupted for more than a century, before reappearing with Luther and initiating modernity;
b) the peasantry, that was in the process of conquering freedom, fell again, for more than a century, into feudal serfdom;
c) the process of centralization and concentration of political power intensified until it became absolute, at the beginning of the modernity;
d) feudalism collapsed in the countryside, but maintained its domination over the urban economy until the end of the Ancien Régime;
e) among the social classes, the nobility was the least harmed by the crisis , contrary to what happened with the bourgeoisie.

Question 04 - PUCRS 2007.1 - INSTRUCTION:Answer question 04 based on the statements below, about the economic organization of European cities during the Low Middle Ages.
I. The craft corporations aimed to stimulate competition between artisanal workshops in the same field, establishing awards for technological innovations and for increased productivity.
II. In addition to their economic functions, the craft corporations constituted religious confraternities and mutual support societies among their members.
III. Based on Christian egalitarianism, the corporative system promoted the approximation between owners and workers, not establishing a hierarchical structure among its members.
IV. To protect themselves from competition, merchants in medieval towns founded associations, called Guilds in Italy and Hansas in northern Europe.
The correct statements are only
A) I and II.
B ) I and III.
C) II and III.
D) II and IV.
E) III and IV.

Question 05 - UTFPR 2008 - Summer - 2nd race/Group 4 - “National States showed their own characteristics in their construction process and were consolidated in different times. While France and England, in the mid-15th century, had defined borders and self-government, Italy and Germany were still fragmented, only coming to be built as a political unit in the third quarter of the 19th century. The foundations for the formation of the Modern States date back to the Medieval Period, in the period known as the Late Middle Ages (11th-15th centuries)”.
The text above refers to the formation of modern national States. In this regard, it is INCORRECT to state that:
A) Absolutist Monarchy is understood to be the system of government in which the king, embodying the national ideal, has in law and in fact the attributes of sovereignty:power to enact laws, to do justice, to collect taxes and to maintain a standing army, among other tasks.
B) for the organization of their kingdoms, the sovereigns totally abolished the old feudal practices and, with the unrestricted support of the new bourgeois, advanced to the creation of modern political institutions and adopted pure capitalism.
C) for the organization of their kingdoms, the sovereigns improved the courts of justice through trained officials; created an officer corps with permanent military personnel; they instituted various forms of taxes; they expanded national borders and concentrated politically decentralized properties in a single kingdom.
D) the kings were concerned with the practice of justice, as this was the great aspiration of the peasant populations against the violence of the nobility and against the danger of losing their lands. For this, they dedicated special attention to the organization of written laws, inspired by Roman traditions.
E) only after the structural and cultural change represented by the national revolution did the basic institution of modern times, the national State, emerge and the societies are able to promote their development. The formation of national states guaranteed the existence of a reasonably secure market, where there could be trade and productivity gains resulting from the division of labor.

Question 06 - UNIFESP 2005 - During the Late Middle Ages (11th to 14th centuries), the West imported, with increasing regularity and intensity, spices from non-Christian areas and civilizations. These goods were
(A) acquired through barter (exchanged for trinkets) or by theft from the producing peoples, as on the west coast of Africa.
(B) bought with coins in the ports of the eastern Mediterranean, or exchanged for wool fabrics, coming from Flanders and the cities of northern Italy.
(C) obtained exclusively by the Byzantines, who resold them, equally with exclusivity, to the Venetian markets.
(D) ) sold in European ports by Arab traders, after being brought from the East by camel caravans.
(E) transported by cabotage ships, mainly Iberian, which sold them in the markets of Northern Europe.


br />Question 07 - UNIFOR - 2000.1 - The transformations of the Late Middle Ages (11th to 15th centuries) are intrinsically linked to each other and acting on each other. This is how the commercial, urban and cultural movements are presented. In the Italian Peninsula, cultural activities, especially artistic ones, were stimulated by
(A) the rise of heretical movements that opposed the Roman Catholic Church.
(B)diversification of economic activities and social transformations in the main centers urban.
(C) theocentric culture subject to the moralistic and scholastic motivation of the medieval world.
(D) ability of the Arabs to integrate with the dominated peoples of Eastern Europe.
(E) the action of the populations peasant women who disdained lay university knowledge.

Question 08 - UNESP - 2011/2 - 1st day - With commercial growth, in the Late Middle Ages, Europe went through periods of collective panic, caused by endemic or epidemic manifestations of the bubonic plague and other diseases, such as typhus, smallpox, pulmonary flu and dysentery. The spread of several of these diseases was facilitated, among other reasons, by the
a) precarious condition of hygiene, faced mainly by the inhabitants of the cities.
b) the belief that epidemics could not be fought, as they came from the divine will.
c) difficulty of contact and communication between the populations of the European continent.
d) religious prohibition of medical and scientific research throughout the Middle Ages.
e) omission of political powers, since the diseases only affected the poor.

Question 09 - UNIFOR 2009.1 - Analyze the text.
The promoters of the crusades and the crusaders had set themselves at least three objectives. The conquest of the Holy Land of Jerusalem, the aid to the Byzantines and the union of Christendom against the infidels. But none of these goals had been fully achieved. In the words of an important historian of the Middle Ages:"if the Crusaders are the great losers of Christian expansion in the twelfth century, the great winners were definitely the merchants".
(Jacques Le Goff. La Baja Edad Média. In:Myriam Becho Mota and Patrícia Ramos Braick. History:from caves to the third millennium. São Paulo:Moderna, 2002. p. 116) When referring to the historical context of the Low Middle Ages, the author implies the idea that the Crusades (A) played a fundamental role in European territorial expansion, which contributed to solving the problems arising from the scarcity of land.
(B) allowed the diffusion of Christian religious values ​​among pagan peoples, which explains the increase of power of the Catholic Church over the conquered regions.
(C) were responsible for the expulsion of the Jews from the region of Palestine, which proves the fact that they were subjected for a long time by the Christians.
(D) ) caused changes in the economy a, stimulating the action of merchants who took advantage of the voyages to create new economic activities.
(E) unified all of Christendom against the peoples of the Byzantine Empire, generating intense conflicts that made possible the movements of unification of the nations of Western Europe .

Question 10 - IFSULDEMINAS 2017.1 - The so-called transition from feudalism to capitalism began in the period of the Late Middle Ages, specifically from the 14th century, when the feudal system went into crisis. About this period, mark the alternative that presents all the CORRECT characteristics:
a) large tracts of land under the control of the Feudal Lord, slave labor, regular practice of commerce.
b) displacement of part of the labor from the countryside to the city, emergence of the bourgeois class and increasing progress in production techniques.
c) fall in agricultural production, total absence of commerce, weakened monarchy and power exercised by the Feudal Lords.
d) subsistence production, menial work, suzerainty relations and vassalage between nobles and serfs.

JUDGMENT
01 - E
02 - B
03 - C
04 - D
05 - B
06 - B
07 - B
08 - A
09 - D
10 - B