Exercises on neocolonialism in Africa

(GSA Concursos) There were several forms of resistance of African and Asian countries to European imperialism in the 19th and 20th centuries. Among them, the Bandungue Conference stands out. Which alternative contains an incorrect statement about conference principles:

a) Recognition of the equality of all races and nations.

b) Settlement of all international conflicts by peaceful means.

c) Respect for justice and international obligations.

d) Approaching socialism.

e) Stimulating mutual interests of cooperation.

(IDHTec) Concerning the new European imperialism in Morocco it is INCORRECT to state that:

a) in the 19th century, Morocco was a Muslim sultanate, convulsed by submissive tribes and independent feudal lords.

b) due to some mineral wealth, Morocco had aroused the greed of several European nations, but by 1904, French trade already surpassed that of any other country in the region.

c) intending to turn it not only into a source of wealth, but also a fulcrum for Algeria's defense, France made a secret agreement with England to dismember Morocco , with a small border between Gibraltar and Spain and the rest with France, England receiving, in return, absolute freedom of action in Egypt.

d) the Russians were also interested in the region and, in 1912, they accepted to receive a part of the French Congo (Africa) to abandon all their pretensions in Morocco, which later took place in differences between these countries.

e) in 1956, France was forced to recognize the independence of Morocco.

(Furb) Isn't unity alone that can merge us into an effective force capable of creating our own progress and making our valuable contribution to world peace? What independent African state will claim that its financial structure and banking institutions are fully linked to its national development? Who will claim that their material resources and human energies are available for their own national aspirations? We are rapidly learning that political independence is not enough to free us from the consequences of colonial rule. We've been too busy looking after our separate states to fully understand the basic need for unity, rooted in a common goal, common plan, and common effort.

Kwame Nkrumah, 1963

The speech given by the President of Ghana to the Organization of African Unity above concerns a historical phenomenon that has become known as:

a) imperialism.

b) socialist revolution.

c) neocolonialism.

d) Pan-Africanism.

e) Berlin Conference.

(Nucepe) New countries emerged from the struggle against colonialism […]. It was a process of change that began shortly after the end of the war in Europe and intensified in the 1950s […]. The colonial empires built, largely in the 19th century, seemed to start, in fact, a process of liquidation.

In Africa, India, Indonesia, it was as if the English, French, Belgians, Portuguese and Dutch were beginning to feel that the domination of the white man over the planet earth was entering a phase of extinction .

(LINHARES, Maria Yedda. Decolonization and national liberation struggles. IN:REIS, Daniel Aarão; FERREIRA, Jorge and ZENHA, Celeste. The 20th century. Rio de Janeiro:Brazilian Civilization , 2002, p.40–41).

The processes of decolonization in Asia and Africa referred to in the text took place in the post-war period, in a context in which

a) the division of the world into two distinct ideological blocks, as well as the resulting policy of equilibrium, was a factor in postponing the process of liberating the colonies.

b) the rise of nationalist fascist movements in Europe also inspired the colonies to search for the composition of their national political references.

c) the metropolitan bourgeoisies, which had their economic power increased with the victory over the Nazi-fascist regimes, supported the pro-decolonization movements.

d) the ideological tensions, characteristic of the Cold War, influenced the alignment of decolonized areas to one of the great powers of the bipolar world.

e) unconditional US aid, through the Marshall Plan, to the established colonies contributed to the retreat of the colonialist powers and their allies.

The conference responsible for dividing the African continent was held in which city?

a) Berlin.

b) Brussels.

c) London.

d) Paris.

e) Vienna.

The Pink Map was one of the colonial occupation projects developed by Europeans in relation to the African continent. This project contained neocolonial interests of which country?

a) United Kingdom.

b) France.

c) Portugal.

d) Spain.

e) Germany.

Neocolonialism is directly related to an event that revolutionized Europe. We are talking about:

a) French Revolution.

b) Industrial Revolution.

c) Glorious Revolution.

d) Napoleonic Wars.

e) Protestant Reformation.

The Belgian Congo was a colony of Belgium called the Congo Free State. Belgian colonization in Congo was marked by the violence with which Europeans treated the Congolese. In the end, an estimated 10 million people died during colonization. The Belgian Emperor in the period was:

a) Leopold I.

b) Albert I.

c) Leopold II.

d) Albert II.

e) Balduíno.

Which African country was invaded by the Italians during the government of fascist Benito Mussolini?

a) Ethiopia.

b) Somalia.

c) Tanzania.

d) Morocco.

e) Algeria.

Which European country lost all of its colonies in Africa after World War I?

a) France.

b) United Kingdom.

c) Portugal.

d) Spain.

e) Germany.

Prime Minister of Madagascar who was responsible for carrying out an attempt to modernize the African island with the aim of preventing the country from being invaded by Europeans. His rule ended when he was overthrown by the French in the 1890s. We're talking about:

a) Rainilaiarivony.

b) Rainivoninahitriniony.

c) Ranavalona II.

d) Rainitsimbazafy.

e) Radama I.

Which European country did not have colonies in Africa during neocolonization?

a) United Kingdom.

b) France.

c) Germany.

d) Belgium.

e) Austria.

Letter D

The Bandunge Conference brought together 29 nations from Africa and Asia to promote economic and cultural cooperation between both continents. This conference was marked by the posture of the nations of not aligning themselves neither in defense of the Soviet Union, nor in defense of the United States. The countries involved wanted to trace their own development without having to enter the binary logic of the Cold War.

Letter D

In the scenario of neocolonialism in Africa in the late 19th century, there was no interest from Russia in obtaining colonies in Africa, including Morocco.

Letter D

Pan-Africanism was an ideology that was established at the beginning of the 20th century, with the proposal of uniting African peoples as a way of defending the interests of Africa. This union would also be a way to fight racial segregation.

Letter D

The context of decolonization in Africa and Asia was strongly influenced by the scenario of polarization of the planet during the Cold War. Both the United States and the Soviet Union encouraged anti-colonial movements in Africa in order to increase their influence there.

Letter A

The Berlin Conference was held between November 1884 and February 1885, being organized by the German Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck. The purpose of this conference was to discuss issues related to the occupation of the African continent.

Letter C

The Pink Map was a proposal brought by the Portuguese to the Berlin Conference. In it, the Portuguese proposed to occupy a considerable part of southern Africa, in order to territorially link two Portuguese colonies on the continent:Angola and Mozambique. The proposal did not advance and still caused diplomatic problems between Portugal and the United Kingdom.

Letter B

The Industrial Revolution was a crucial event for the beginning of neocolonialism, since the advance of industry fueled the need of European nations for sources of raw materials, for the exploitation of work and by increasing production as a way of guaranteeing the opening of new consumer markets.

Letter C

The Congo Free State was the colony created by the Belgians during the reign of Leopold II, Emperor of Belgium from 1885 to 1909. The Belgian Congo was marked by the violent exploitation of the work of the local populations and the genocide of millions of people.

Letter A

Italian Ethiopia was a colony that was established after Ethiopia, an independent nation in Africa, was invaded by Italian troops in 1936. The invasion by Italy was authorized by the country's ruler, the fascist Benito Mussolini. Ethiopia was under Italian rule until 1941, when the Italians were expelled.

Letter E

Germany was the country that lost all of its colonies in Africa at the end of the First World War. This loss happened as an imposition carried out by the French and British during the negotiations that resulted in the Treaty of Versailles.

Letter A

Rainilaiarivony was Prime Minister of Madagascar for 31 years (1864–1895). He was responsible for attempts to modernize his country in order to guarantee Malagasy sovereignty and independence. However, the country became a French target, being invaded and conquered after two wars. Rainilaiarivony was deposed by the French in 1895.

Letter E

Among the countries mentioned, Austria was the only nation that did not have any colonies on the African continent.