Exercises on Russia's exit from World War I

Russia's exit from World War I occurred after the successive defeats of its armies to the Germans, mass desertions from the battlefront, as well as the outbreak of the Russian Revolution, in 1917. Agreements between Russians and Germans to end the conflict between the two countries were made through:

a) Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.

b) Treaty of Munich.

c) Treaty of Versailles.

d) Treaty of Kiev.

e) Treaty of Geneva.

(UPE) The period of duration of the First World War, between 1914 and 1918, was marked by several sociopolitical changes that redefined the world at the time. In this context, mark the CORRECT alternative.

a) Russia, a power directly involved in the conflict, entered an internal revolutionary process, which led to the adoption of socialism.

b) The Austro-Hungarian Empire lost domains with the end of the conflict, although it kept two thirds of its territory.

c) France ended up losing territories to Germany after the signing of the Treaty of Versailles.

d) The Ottoman Empire managed to maintain its hegemony in the Balkan region, even with the end of the war.

e) England, after the outbreak of the 1917 Revolution, imposed territorial losses on Russia.

Read the text excerpt below:

“Each day of war enriches the financial and industrial bourgeoisie and ruins and exhausts the forces of the proletariat and peasantry of all the belligerent countries, and later also of the neutral ones. And in Russia, the prolongation of the war also puts the achievements of the revolution, its development, in great danger.

The transfer of state power in Russia to the Provisional Government, a government of landowners and capitalists, did not and could not change that character and meaning of the war on the part of Russia.”

LENIN, Vladimir. Speech for the Resolution on War. Available at:

From the statements contained in the text above, it is possible to state that:

a) with the coming to power of the Mensheviks, the Russians managed to sign a peace treaty with Germany, ending the war.

b) in the face of Russia's permanence in World War I in 1917, the Bolsheviks launched the slogan “Bread, Peace and Land” to gain popular support for the conquest of the state power.

c) Lenin intended to prolong the war against Germany, through the Brest-Litovsk agreement, in order to encourage the proletarian revolution in Western European countries.

d) Russian capitalists and landowners had an interest in the end of World War I, since their economic interests were committed to prolonging the conflict.

(Puccamp) The Socialist Revolution in Russia, in 1917, was one of the most significant events of the 20th century, as it challenged the capitalist socioeconomic order. Regarding the triggering of the revolutionary process, it is correct to say that:

a) the Mensheviks played a fundamental role in the revolutionary process by defending the implantation of the dictatorship of the proletariat.

b) the Bolsheviks represented the most conservative wing of the socialists, being defeated by the Mensheviks in the October days.

c) was fueled by Russia's participation in World War I, which triggered a series of strikes and popular uprisings due to the food supply crisis.

d) was led by Stalin, from October, who established the thesis of the need for revolution in one country, in opposition to Trotsky, leader of the Red Army.

e) the Communist Party managed to overcome the conflicts that existed within it when it established the New Economic Policy that represented the interests of the most conservative sectors.

Letter A. Through the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, the Russians signed a peace agreement with Germany, which resulted, on the other hand, in the loss of vast territories of the Tsarist Empire, notably Estonia, Lithuania, Ukraine and Finland.

Letter A. The outbreak of the Russian Revolution in 1917 led to the fall of Tsar Nicholas II, destabilizing the old autocratic state and making it impossible for Russia to remain in World War I.

Letter B. With these slogans, the Bolsheviks intended to expose their defense of ending hunger by ending World War I and distributing land to peasants.

Letter C. The defeats of the Russian army, in addition to the large sum of financial resources spent on World War I, led the Russian population to rebel against the Czar Empire in various ways, leading to its fall in February 1917.