Exercises on African Slavery in Brazil

(IF sul-riograndense) Read the following excerpt.

“Brazil, due to its size and lack of concern for the biological reproduction of blacks, was the largest importer of slaves in the Americas. Recent studies estimate the number of blacks transferred to the New World at almost 10 million between the 15th and 19th centuries. Around 3.6 million would have come to Brazil.”

SILVA, J. M. da. Roots of Brazilian conservatism. Rio de Janeiro:Brazilian Civilization, 2018. p. 374.

On the subject addressed by the author in the excerpt above, it is stated, EXCEPT that

a) with the Eusébio de Queirós Law, of 1850, and the end of the transatlantic slave trade, Brazil was one of the first countries to abolish the slave trade.

b) the Aberdeen Bill of 1845 allowed the British authorities to imprison ships transporting slaves to Brazil.

c) the Nabuco de Araújo Law of 1854 provided for sanctions for authorities to cover up the smuggling of enslaved workers.

d) the Feijó Law, of 1831, prohibited the slave trade, but it was not respected, as the number of workers who came from Africa intensified in the following years.

e) the Golden Law of 1888 abolished slave labor in Brazil.

(Fadesp) “Abolitionism”, according to the Houaiss Dictionary of the Portuguese language, means “set of principles and measures adopted to extinguish slavery”. In this sense, the abolitionist is one who “preaches or defends abolitionism”. In Brazil, and especially between 1871 and 1888, there was a strong abolitionist movement. These are characteristics of this movement:

a) to preach an unlimited and unrestricted abolition of all forms of slavery, indigenous or black of African origin, its main names being Joaquim Nabuco, José Bonifácio and Mário de Andrade.

b) fight for rights and citizenship for those freed from the womb and fight for freedom for slaves of African origins, with their leaders all black or mestizo, such as José do Patrocínio, Euclides da Cunha and Zumbi dos Palmares.

c) fight for freedom for slaves and educational principles for former slaves of African origin, and some, like Joaquim Nabuco, thought of a slow and gradual freedom without the participation of blacks , while others, such as Luiz Gama, preached greater participation by blacks.

d) ask the Brazilian parliament for more freedom for freedmen and indigenous peoples and a slow and gradual freedom for slaves of African origin, without giving them Brazilian citizenship, with the establishment of a regime of racial segregation, its greatest leader being Emperor Pedro II and his daughter Isabel.

e) none of the above.

(AEVSF/Pacape) The transatlantic slave trade from Africa had fertile ground in Brazil during the colonial and imperial period. On slavery in Brazil and its consequences, mark the INCORRECT alternative.

a) The slave trade, both for the metropolis and for the colony, from an early age, proved to be very profitable.

b) The quilombos did not follow the same pattern, varying a lot, being common to be found near the great urban centers of the colony and the empire.

c) The expression “blacks of gain” (or “slaves of gain”) represented a form of exploitation of slave labor that could be rented to third parties.

d) The Eusébio de Queirós Law of 1850 put an end to the external and internal slave trade.

e) The influence of African peoples in Brazil is noticeable in many aspects of our culture, language, cuisine, dances, music and religions.

The ships that brought enslaved Africans to Brazil became known as:

a) tombstones

b) gravediggers

c) compartments

d) Girl Scouts

e) frigates

Place that housed enslaved Africans in Brazil:

a) big house

b) quilombos

c) slave quarters

d) capoeira

e) plantation

The largest quilombo in Brazil, known as Quilombo dos Palmares, was in which Brazilian state?

a) Sergipe

b) Alagoas

c) Bahia

d) Rio de Janeiro

e) São Paulo

The Golden Law was signed by:

a) D. Pedro I

b) Conde d’Eu

c) Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca

d) Princess Isabel

e) D. Pedro II

The law that freed the children of slaves born after 1871:

a) Land Law

b) Law of Sexagenarians

c) Lei Feijó

d) Bill Aberdeen

e) Law of the Free Womb

The biggest slave revolt in Brazil took place in which city?

a) Rio de Janeiro

b) Savior

c) Recife

d) São Paulo

e) Saint Louis

Zumbi dos Palmares became known for

a) lead Quilombo dos Palmares.

b) be an abolitionist.

c) be Brazil's first black politician.

d) report your everyday life as enslaved.

e) none of the above.

The expansion of the slave trade is directly related to the development of which business in Brazil?

a) Brazilwood exploration

b) Coffee planting

c) Sugar production

d) Mining

e) None of the above

On indigenous slavery, select the CORRECT alternative:

a) It was officially abolished by the Marquis of Pombal in the 18th century.

b) Indians were replaced by Africans as the main population of enslaved people as early as the 1550s.

c) The Indians did not rebel against the Portuguese.

d) The Indians were catechized by the Franciscans.

e) All alternatives are correct.

Letter A. The Eusébio de Queirós Law put an end to the slave trade, but Brazil was not one of the first countries to abolish the slave trade.

Letter C. The abolitionist movement defended the freedom of slaves that still existed in Brazil, and it had great strength in the 1880s. Abolitionists defended agendas such as agrarian reform, literacy of the enslaved etc.

Letter D. The Eusébio de Queirós Law, passed in 1850, did not determine the end of the interprovincial slave trade. This trade began to be carried out on a large scale in the second half of the 19th century.

Letter A. The tumbeiros were the vessels that brought enslaved Africans to Brazil for the slave trade. Africans were crammed into the basements of tumbeiros and forced to live in poor hygiene conditions. About 25% of them died while crossing the Atlantic Ocean.

Letter C. The slave quarters were lodgings built on Brazilian farms and reserved for the enslaved. These constructions were very common during the colonial period and the empire period. They were where the enslaved spent their nights.

Letter B. Quilombo dos Palmares, the largest quilombo in the history of slavery in Brazil, was built in a region that corresponds to the current state of Alagoas.

Letter D. The abolition of slave labor in Brazil was the result of popular pressure. In any case, the Lei Áurea, the document that decreed the abolition, was signed by Princess Isabel.

Letter E. The Free Womb Law was enacted in September 1871 and determined that the children of enslaved women born after 1871 would be considered free.

Letter B. The Malês Revolt took place in Salvador, in 1835, and was marked by the rebellion of about 600 enslaved Hausa, adherents of Islam. There were clashes in the streets of Salvador, but the rebels were defeated and their revolt ended.

Letter A. Zumbi dos Palmares was one of the leaders of Quilombo dos Palmares, the largest quilombo in the history of slavery in Brazil. He led the struggle of Africans against the Portuguese and was killed in an ambush on November 20, 1695.

Letter C. The growth of the slave trade was directly related to the production of sugar in Brazil and the need for enslaved labor for this economic activity.

Letter A. The slavery of indigenous people in Brazil was definitively abolished in 1757, by order of the Marquis of Pombal, Prime Minister of Portugal at the time.