Thung Setthi Chedi

Terrain

General Condition

It is a plain area in the foothills or a coastal plain. It is caused by the deposition of brackish sediments and sediments carried by seawater. The ancient site is located at the foot of Khao Chom Prasat. which is the same limestone mountain range as Khao Chao Lai Yai, Khao Tham Yai, Khao Man Moo and Khao Khok Sethi which extends continuously for more than 4 kilometers in the north-south line It is about 4 kilometers from the coast of Cha-Am sea. At present, the surrounding area is the residence of the people and is an agricultural area.

The west and north of the ancient site are large limestone mountains, consisting of Khao Tham Ho, Khao Man Moo, Khao Chao Lai Yai, Khao Chom Prasat, Khao Chom Prasat, Khao Ta Chin, Khao Na Kwang and Khao Na Yang. This is part of the Central Mountain Range of the coastal plains of Phetchaburi Province. Some areas are used in the cement industry.

Mound condition before excavation It looks like a large ancient monument, made of bricks, covered with soil and densely covered by trees. The base of the ancient monument is about 20 meters wide. about 7 meters high There is a smuggling pit for antiques in the middle of the hill. The hole is about 4 meters deep.

South side of the ancient hill about 200 meters away Found traces of the water source. which is now shallow.

Height above mean sea level

Waterway

on the south side of the ancient site about 200 meters away Found traces of the water source. which is now shallow.

Geological conditions

It is a continuous uplifting coastline from the central river basin area of ​​Phetchaburi Province. Most of the area is formed by the deposition of brackish sediments and marine sediments. smooth appearance has a slope of less than a percentage 1 area adjacent to the coast Soil origin material is sandy. In the middle of the coastal plain, there are small limestone mountain ranges, comprising Khao Tham Wo, Khao Man Moo, Khao Lai Yai, Khao Chom Prasat, Khao Tak Waterfall, Khao Ta Chin, Khao Na Kwang and Khao Na Yang. Benefits in the cement industry The slope of the mountain range is more than 35 percent. Most of the rock types found are gray to dark gray limestone. Sometimes it is found that there are blue, yellow or white mixed in the rock. Both dense and layered limestone were found. Many fossils were found, such as Brachiods Fusulinids and Bryozoa.

Some areas in the lower limestone strata are supported by sandstone layers and form alternating layers with limestone. Contains light brown felspar. square pebble Limestones are joined by silica minerals. Hard and dense These rocks were born in the Permian period, about 250 million years ago. The western foothills are old plains composed of layers of sand pebbles, pebbles, loose stones and granules of quartzite, quartz, stone. Chert, slate, sandstone and granite that accumulate along the hillside. In addition, laterite soils were found at high levels in some areas. which occurred during the period after the flat area but in the same era was born during the Pleistocene (Pleistocene) Quaternary period (Quaternary) Cenozoic Era (Cenozoic)

According to agronomic studies, the archaeological area is It consists of Hua Hin series, Samut Prakan series, Bangkok series, Rangsit series, and Chonburi series. The archaeological site of Thung Setthi and many other ancient communities of Samanthavaravati Located in the area that is Rangsit series soil

Sangsit series soils are classified as Hydromorphic Alluvial Soil, formed from sediments that have been carried over by brackish water in an area where the sea used to flood in the past. The condition of the area found was flat. There is a percentage slope 1 This soil is deep soil. have bad drainage Soil has the ability to allow water to penetrate very slowly. There is usually slow surface water runoff. The groundwater level is about 1 meter deep.

Topsoil is not deeper than 25 cm., with a clay soil texture. The ground color is black or dark brown. There are some yellowish brown and slightly red dots. Soil reaction is very acidic (pH 4.5) The subsoil is very clay. They are brown or blackish brown. with dark brown dots And there are more red dots than the topsoil will find the yellow substance of rice straw. (jarosite) at depths below 40 cm. soil reaction is very acidic (pH 4 or below 4 at 80 cm below). The color of the soil is brown or black. Natao There are yellowish brown dots. and more red.

From the results of chemical analysis of this soil representative, it appears that the upper soil thickness is approximately 30 cm. with moderately high organic matter content. low bass saturation It has a high cation exchange capacity. The amount of phosphorus that is beneficial to plants is very high. The lower soil, from 30 cm. downwards, has low base saturation. It has a high cation exchange capacity. The phosphorus content is very low for the plant. And the amount of potassium that is beneficial to plants is very high.

This set of soil is mostly used for farming. Most of the rice that is made is black rice. Moderate to low soil fertility The soil is acidic

Archaeological Era

era/culture

Types of archaeological sites

archaeological essence

After excavation in years 1998 found that the ancient site at Thung Setthi was the base of a large stupa in the Dvaravati period. Age around the 11th-16th Buddhist century. The layout is square. Width and length 25 meters each side. The current remaining height is about 5 meters.

A brick pagoda with soil plastered. Oriented east-west direction The pagoda consists of a royal pedestal. Size 3.4 meters wide, 25 meters long, 1 meter high, with a staircase at the center of the east and west. The stairs are 2.5 meters wide. protruding from the royal palace 2.3 meters The side wall of the base of the palace has a base of glass beads to support the brick wall. with periodic columns adorning the walls Each plant is approximately 82-86 cm apart. The upper courtyard is paved with bricks.

Next to the royal courtyard up to the pagoda. It consists of two chopping board bases to support the lotus base. part of the tree's belly expands There is a lotus wire in the middle divided into three rows. Next to the bottom of the wood is the base of the board. There are decorative columns on the wall and divided into compartments. Each compartment is about 80 cm. to decorate a sculpture of a dwarf carrying a figure. Above this base is a section of the pagoda consisting of a wall adorned with columns. And one floor above is probably the part of the bell-shaped pagoda which has completely collapsed. The layout and layout are comparable to that of chedi No. 7, No. 31, and No. 40. Khu Bua City should have a part that is decorated with relics. to enshrine sculptures (Buddha statues) because Buddha images were also found from archaeological excavations and excavations.