little mountain

Terrain

General Condition

Khao Noi is a small mountain that continues from Khao Daeng. in the west of Khao Daeng The Fine Arts Department has announced the registration of Khao Noi for both children. It is an important national ancient site. The general condition on Khao Noi is a forest. But there has been an invasion to excavate the soil beneath the mountain. His condition began to deteriorate. The pagoda of Khao Noi has been restored until it is in a relatively stable and strong condition But from the invasion of excavation that is very close to this ancient site. May affect the stability of the ancient site.

Height above mean sea level

Waterway

The Gulf of Thailand, Songkhla Lake

Geological conditions

Khao Noi is a sandstone mountain. in the Yaha stone category

Category Yaha (Yaha Formation, Cyh) consists of sandstone, light gray, medium to coarse texture. Good sizing, medium to very good weld. Medium to very thick layers, shale and mudstone, greenish-gray to gray, sandstone interspersed with shale. The fossils of Posidonomya sp. ammonite bivalves were found. and sandstone trilobites. reddish brown Cheetah, a reddish-purple, gray to dark gray thin layer. (ribbon chert), light gray sandstone and pebbles, pebbles size 1-10 cm, consist of sandstone. chert quartz and quartzite Distribution of the Yaha stone category. Most of them are distributed in Saba Yoi District. It is also found in the eastern part of Rattaphum District, which is adjacent to Hat Yai District (Department of Earth Resources 2014).

Archaeological Era

era/culture

Archaeological age

Types of archaeological sites

archaeological essence

Khao Noi and Khao Daeng It is part of Sathing Phra Peninsula. The Sathing Phra Peninsula has found evidence of community settlement since the beginning of history. Archaeological evidence has been found showing extensive contact with foreigners. especially india Found artifacts related to Buddhism, Mahayana and Brahmanism. who lived in the Buddhist century 11-13 Art forms of the Gupta period of North India and Pallava art of South India, such as Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva, Padmapani Bodhisattva, Manjusri Bodhisattva, and Shivling in front of Khao Khuha Cave. Shiva lingam that crumbles, the idol of Lord Ganesha underpinned. Statue of Lord Vishnu at Khun Chang Temple - Husband's House Including the painting of symbols "Om" in Tamil and Shivling at Khao Khuha Cave, etc. (Urai Chanchao 2017:27-59; 171-172)

Additionally, the Sathing Phra Peninsula may be part of the P'an-p'an state, an ancient state mentioned in Chinese documents in the 11th-15th century that describes it as a state in which economic activities are carried out. Trade and Religion with India and had contacts with Chinese ambassadors during the Liang Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty (Paul Wheatly 1980:48), which this thousand-thousand states should have a territory covering an area from Surat Thani Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung and Songkhla (Jacq-Hergoualc'h 2002:166-60)

Therefore, from the location and archaeological evidence found make it assumption that Sathing Phra Peninsula It has been an important port city of the region since the beginning of its history (see Nuchnaphang Chumdi 1997; see also Sureeporn Chotthammo 2002; Urai Chanchao 2017)

In the Ayutthaya period, the tip of the Sathing Phra Peninsula which is the area where Khao Noi - Khao Daeng and Laem Son are located has played an increasingly important role because it is the location of the old city of Songkhla which is still an international port city that plays an important role in politics and economy As evidenced by the records of foreigners, both Dutch, Arab, Chinese, French, English and local documents such as the legend of Phatthalung. In the Ayutthaya period, the city was at the head of Khao Daeng. ruled by Muslim lords It is the Sultanate of Songkhla. using Khao Daeng - Khao Noi a fortress of the city As appeared to build a fort from the plains of the foothills to the top of Khao Daeng before in the Thonburi era will move the city down to the tip of the peninsula or around Laem Son with a Chinese governor (Saram Sarem 2022)

Khao Noi is a small mountain that continues from the larger Red Mountain. in the west of Khao Daeng The Fine Arts Department has announced the registration of Khao Noi for both children. It is an important national historic site.

on top of little mountain The remains of ancient villagers are commonly referred to as "Phra Chedi Khao Noi" The present condition is only the base of the pagoda, the plan is a rectangular shape about 20 meters wide and long, each side is parallel to him. Thus, when viewed from aerial photographs, it is seen as a diamond.

The base area is made of a kiosk enshrining a Buddha image. in a packaged manner With each side lifting out 3 gauges, there are gauges at 2 corners and in the middle, it is assumed that this pagoda may be a religious place built in Buddhism, Mahayana Buddhism, during the Srivijaya period. Contemporary and Dvaravati culture in the central region Age around the 13th-15th century and probably influenced by the same source is India. Make a pattern that is very close to each other. both from the nature of the diagram in the square plan Lifting the base part including the use of bricks as the main material in construction (Center for the Study of Ancient Asian Arts in Southeast Asia (a) 2025)

Excavation of the Fine Arts Department in the year 1986 found a kudu made of stone It resembles a horseshoe-shaped arch. The spiers at both ends of the base were carved like a rolled up leaf. Portrait of a person in the form of a dark face with slicked hair, arched eyebrows, a ridged nose, a lollipop mouth, and wearing large earrings determines the age in the Buddhist century. 12-16 which shows the characteristics of Dvaravati art that are very similar to those found in the central region It may have started to mix with local influences in the southern region (Siriphan Thirasarichot. 1999:130). Kudu is used as a decorative element in Buddhist architecture. Found in Indian art during the Gupta period and after the Gupta. and giving influence to the art of the Dvaravati period in Thailand

In the Ayutthaya period, the Chedi Khao Noi was renovated. Around the 23rd-24th Buddhist century by creating Buddha images enshrined in the surrounding area. At the top there is only a pile of bricks that are likely from the later renovations.

The sculptural characteristics of the Buddha images built in this Ayutthaya period occupy a robe There is a large sheet of sanghati laying across the left side of Phra Angsa, the end of which is straight cut, extending down to the Nabhi. sitting cross-legged Although most parts of the head and hand are now broken. but it is assumed that some of the statues depict Mara in the attitude of subjugation (see more in the Center for the Study of Ancient Arts in Southeast Asia http://scaasa.org/?p=3023 and http://scaasa.org/?p=3019)

In addition to Phra Chedi Khao Noi, it is the center of the community. from the mountainous area by the sea In addition, a large pagoda and a fortress were built on top of the hill. Making him red and Khao Noi, therefore, is a landmark for mariners in the early stages of history until later. Moreover, the pagoda of Khao Noi It was later that a religious place was built as the center of the community.