golden mountain

Terrain

General condition

Golden Mountain has a large peat canal flowing through the north side. The canal flows through the west. Kampuan canal flows through the south. These canals can connect to the Andaman Sea. It is also used as a route to connect to nearby archaeological sites, including Ban Bang Kluay Nok and Khao Kluay can be called ancient communities in this area that “Golden Mountain Archaeological Site Group”

The area surrounding the current Golden Mountain On the west side is mangrove forest. North is an agricultural area. Abandoned area and community. East next to Petchkasem Road and community. (There are dense communities on both sides of Petchkasem Road) and the south is agricultural and wasteland. On the mountain is the ownership of many private title deeds. Currently, most of them are used for agriculture such as rubber plantations, durian plantations, and fruit orchards.

The area around the Golden Mountain has pits that have been smuggled for beads scattered everywhere. When Petchkasem Road was cut through, the archaeological site was divided into 2 parts, with communities scattered on both sides of the road. The area where the high intensity of living activity is found is around the Golden Mountain. and will begin to appear sparse as the distance from the mountain Archaeological excavation operations for this archaeological site There was a lot of difficulty in choosing the excavation site. Since the archaeological site has been smuggled by the people for at least 30 years, it is also almost entirely occupied by the private sector.

Height above mean sea level

Waterway

Andaman Sea, Khlong Kam Phuan, Khlong Pru Yai, Khlong Siet

Geological conditions

Golden Mountain is a jumping mountain on Petchkasem Road. Andaman coast Geological features of the mountain are sedimentary rocks in the Kaeng Krachan group. Carboniferous-Permian period Surrounded by alluvial sediments up to the Quaternary period.

Archaeological Era

era/culture

Archaeological age

Types of archaeological sites

archaeological essence

From evidence obtained from archaeological excavations. including ancient artifacts that villagers excavated It can be said that this archaeological site was an early port city in Southeast Asia with clear trade contacts with India.

From the physical characteristics and geographical location of the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand. which is part of the Malay Peninsula, which is the collision point of the maritime route. Indian merchants set up trade settlements in the port cities of the region, which in ancient Indian literature called the land of Suvarnabhumi. As appeared products from various ports of India where the Roman trading station was set up. Thus, both Indian and Roman goods, as well as imitations of the Romans, flowed into the ancient port city in Southeast Asia. In addition to having Indian merchants The Xitian Merchant Roman merchants may have traveled to trade with the population of Southeast Asia, the Golden Mountain Archaeological Site. including nearby archaeological sites which consists of Ban Bang Kluay Nok and Khao Kluay (Bang Khlak), collectively known as the Golden Mountain Archaeological Site. In this area, a whole glass bead was found. and a lot of stones and there is enough evidence to say that It is another important bead production source in Thailand. Because there are many glass cubes, stones, raw materials for making beads. including glass beads that are fused together into a lump and many unfinished stone beads Most of the glass beads found are monochromatic beads known as "Indo-Pacific Beads" As for stone beads, most of these were found carnelian and agate. Of these, acid-colored beads were found on the rock until it formed a pattern known as etched beads.

They also found gold beads made using granulated gold beads techniques like those found in Iran. in the area of ​​these archaeological sites Half a lion was found in a crouching position made of quartz. In Thailand, a carnelian lion was found at Don Ta Phet House Kanchanaburi and Tha Chana, Surat Thani Lions carved from various rocks have already been found in large numbers at Taksila. Also found in ancient cities in the western region during the Satavana dynasty as well, such as at Sanbhar, Nasik in Burma, carnelian stones in the form of lions and tigers were found. Many in the city of Halin and Pinkana too Another important artifact found is A pendant or ring, a small oval carnelian slab carved with animals such as roosters, horses, horsemen, as well as Greco-Roman figures. which are found in the ancient port cities in the western world and the east with trade with the Roman Empire and found widely in the ancient port city of India where trading And there was a Roman settlement during the 6th-7th Buddhist century. Another important evidence showing clear contact with India is. Rouletted ware This type of ware is a technique used to decorate the surface of the vessel by rolling a gear wheel onto the surface of the vessel while it is not dry. causing an orderly deep indentation on the surface of the container Fine, smooth, gray clay molded with a speed dial. Most of them paint the black clay inside and outside with a polished finish. This type of pottery has not yet been conclusive on the exact origin of production. But it may be produced at Tamil Nadu in India. rouletted ware

In addition to being found scattered along the main eastern seaboard of India such as Arikamedu, it is also found in archaeological sites in Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and spread to Southeast Asia. They are found in Malaysia, Indonesia and Vietnam. In Thailand, in addition to being found in large numbers at the Golden Mountain archaeological site. also found at the Khao Sam Kaew archaeological site Chumphon Province For the age of this type of pottery, there is also an age that does not match, but is estimated to be 2,000 years ago. From various archaeological evidence found, it can be said that the Golden Mountain archaeological site has contact with overseas territories. The maritime trade came in and traded with local products such as spices, forest products, possibly including tin, which is a metal that is abundant in the Andaman coast. It is another important source of beads found in Thailand. For the age of this archaeological site should have been inhabited continuously for a long time. Due to archaeological excavations in the upper soil found Persian wares. or Basra ware, which is a pottery from the Middle East, dating from the 13th-14th Buddhist century, so initially this archaeological site is probably 1,200-2,000 years ago.