Tham Sai 1

Terrain

General Condition

Tham Sai 1 is a large limestone cave. It is located in the north of the Sam Yot Mountain Range. which is one of the mountains in the Tanaosri Mountain Range in the west of Phetchaburi Province.

The general condition outside the cave is a forest. covered with trees There are several entrances to the cave. But the main channel is on the east side. Inside the cave, the first booth is large. It is about 20 meters deep from the mouth of the cave. Size is approximately 180 square meters. Light can penetrate into the front of the booth. The floor of the cave is quite thick with soil. Some places have traces of digging bat droppings. In the south, there is a long, small cavern that enters.

Height above mean sea level

Waterway

Huai Ma Quick

Geological conditions

Tham Sai 1 is a large limestone cave in the Sam Yot Mountain Range. which is a limestone mountain range in the Permian period 286-245 million years ago) in the western mountains of Phetchaburi Province and Thailand.

This area is classified as a mountainous area and the Ban Phu Sai valley plain. which is about 5 kilometers southwest of Kaeng Krachan Dam The condition of the area is undulating and steep. Slope 4-6 % height above mean sea level about 140-300 meters The north and west are connected to Khao Dok Mai and Khao Ma Rak. On the south side is a large limestone mountain named "Khao Sam Yot" with Huai Ma Rak which is a small creek flowing to nourish the area. It is currently in a shallow state. no water in the dry season In addition, between the plains of the valley are several small limestone mountains interspersed alternately.

Archaeological Era

era/culture

Archaeological age

Types of archaeological sites

archaeological essence

Archaeological survey and excavation in the year 2002:Archaeological evidence was found from the soil surface level to the depth of about 120 cm. (approximately -180 cm.dt.)

Important relics found from this archaeological site. Including ax Polished Stone (trapezoidal shape, without shoulders, width 4.6 cm., length 6.1 cm., and thickness 3 cm.) Wraps of clay pottery (From the survey found a piece of a round bottom cauldron As for the fragments of earthenware from the excavation, it was discovered that they were fragments of clay vessels with coarse texture. There is a large amount of sand gravel. Thickness 0.2-0.5 cm. Formed by hand. low temperature sintering Causing the pottery to be cooked unevenly The surface of the container is dark brown. Most of the surface decoration can not be considered for sure. due to corrosion The study found that the surface of the vessel was smooth.) Jewelry parts Made from animal bones or horns. (size 0.9 cm wide, 3.6 cm long and 0.6 cm thick, curved shape flat back One part has a curved cut. The front is a curved ridge. curved outer edge The inside edge is slightly sloping. On the convex ridge is decorated with the use of small pointed objects pressed or hammered into small dots arranged in a series of triangles. one end cut straight, the other broken) bones of small animals and single shell

From a mountainous, valley-covered environment. and a creek runs through Including information from archaeological evidence that It is assumed that during the period about 6,000 - 4,000 years ago. Humans have come to use the area inside Tham Sai 1 as a place of residence or temporary shelter, for example as a temporary shelter or camp while hunting and foraging for forest products.

(Pyung Wongnoi and Dej Sudsawat 2004)